Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies Essay Lord of the flies has been called â€Å"a fable in which the characters are symbols for abstract ideas,† and there are many ways in which the characters can be viewed. One way, for instance, is comparing them to Sigmund Freud’s theory of id, ego, and superego: the boys being like a metaphorical person, where Jack is the id, Ralph the ego, and Piggy the superego. It is an appropriate allegation because of the fact that id, ego, and superego all have specific traits that match those of these three characters. The id wants, with no consideration for the reality of the situation. In the beginning of the novel we are shown Jack marching his choirboys across the beach in the way a militia leader would, making them halt and stand to. Already we are shown the image of a boy who loves, and wants, power. We see it in the way he demands and commands. Jack is the type of person who throws a tantrum when he doesn’t get exactly what he wants. He is always sticking his knife into a tree in a fit of rage, or trying to prove himself in some way. When he see’s he can’t be leader he tries to make up for his own feelings of inadequacy by proving that he can hunt and kill a pig. He does this to try and show the rest of the tribe his talents and qualities. Most all human beings have a basic desire to rise up, prove themselves and win praise and happiness, which is apart of their id. In Jacks case he craves power and attention and he will, by all means necessary, achieve it. Unlike Jack, we see Ralph: the ego. The ego is a persons own morals and standards that hold the id in check. In a way it is one’s personal Jiminy Cricket. Ralph knows right from wrong very well and we can see he has been raised to have virtuous morals by the way he acts towards the others on the island. When he left piggy to go explore with the two other boys, you could tell immediately that he had a moral conflict by the way that he quickly ran back to piggy to apologize. This shows that Ralph has a deep sense of principle, which is one of his best leadership qualities. When Piggy’s glasses were stolen, Ralph was upset that Jack no longer had morals and standards, like he did. He was also upset that Jack’s id had taken over most of the group and that they gave into their most basic, savage instincts. As the id, Ralph keeps Jack in check, and stands between him and Piggy, who happens to be the superego. The superego is considered society’s morals and standards that one must conform to. The superego goes hand-in-hand with the ego to try and keep the id in check. Here Piggy is like Ralph â€Å"right hand man†. Piggy is constantly reminding everyone that they should behave like mature adults act properly even though the grownups aren’t around. The little ones are always running about and messing around leaving the older children to build the shelter and the fire and gather wood and water. Piggy talks about what the grownups would do and how they should do everything like that. Lord of the Flies proves to be a novel of many abstract ideas. Though Golding may not have meant to allude to Freud’s id, ego, and superego theory in his novel, there certainly were many suggestions and many ways to interoperate the characters and their actions.

To Kill A Mockingbird: Influences on Scout from Interactions w/ Others :: Free Essay Writer

To Kill A Mockingbird: Influences on Scout from Interactions w/ Others Growing up in Maycomb, Southern Alabama in the 1930s was not an easy thing. Amid a town of prejudice and racism, stood a lone house where equality and respect for all gleamed like a shining star amid an empty space. The house of Atticus Finch was that shining star. Jean Louise Finch, also known as â€Å"Scout†, is given the opportunity of being raised in this house by her father, Atticus. I stole this essay from the net. As she grows, Atticus passes down his values of equality and righteousness to Scout and her brother Jeremy Atticus Finch, also known as â€Å"Jem†. In â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, by Harper Lee, we see Scout learns many lessons about dealing with prejudice by observing the behavior of other characters in the story. Scout learns that by yielding to prejudice, we often hurt and cause strife unto others. For example, Scout is harassed and becomes the target of insults when her father decides to defend Tom Robinson, a black man accused of raping a white woman. This is a plajurized essay. The hate felt towards black people by the majority of the Maycomb citizens causes them to bother and harass those who attempt to befriend the black people. Forgive me for stealing this essay. Scout realizes that the only reason she must undergo this torment is that her father is defending a black man, which has become taboo because of the corruption that racism has caused in many people. In addition, Scout watches Tom Robinson undergo unfair treatment and false accusations. Please dont tell my parents I stole this essay. Although Atticus provides the jury and the people of Maycomb with overwhelming evidence benefiting Tom, and ultimately proving him innocent, this is not enough to overcome the powers of hate and ra cism. Scout watches as the jury deliberates and convicts Tom Robinson of murder because he is a black man. This is a stolen essay. Although Scout witnesses a myriad of injustices occurring against black people, she also sees an exiguity of kind and compassionate movements towards black people. Scout learns that by resisting prejudice, we often help others. For example, Scout sees Atticus defend Tom Robinson, despite the white people of the town’s disapproval. By defending Tom, Atticus paves a small pathway in Maycomb for black people to follow to attempt to raise their social status.

The Heroic Journey of Aladdin: the Diamond in the Rough

The same hero wearing a different mask appears throughout great literature and films. The â€Å"hero’s journey† motif, as Joseph Campbell, the acclaimed American mythology professor and famous author identified, has been present in all cultures since the first documented stories. From Odysseus and the other great figures of the ancient Greek myths to the more modern character of Frodo in the Lord of the Rings trilogy, the audience essentially accompanies the same hero throughout a series of stages and obstacles that compose the original heroic journey.The hero’s journey can be particularly followed in the various animated Disney films that give existence to some of the most loved heroes of all time. For instance, the successful film, Aladdin, released in 1992 and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, brings to the public the interesting journey of a young man on a quest to find himself. The character of Aladdin fits the profile of the hero as he embarks in th e hero’s journey unintentionally but proves to have undergone a complete maturation of character while attaining valuable insight about his true nature and worth by the end of the adventure.The film Aladdin narrates the emotive love story of a poor young man who falls in love with the beautiful princess Jasmine and begins a meaningful journey to conquer her love. Aladdin, a â€Å"street rat,† as he is often called by those who know him, is a true â€Å"diamond in the rough, whose worth lies far within† that has great potential but has not been given the opportunity to shine yet (Clements, Musker). Because of this reason, he is the only one who can enter the Cave of Wonders.He does so to retrieve a magic lamp for Jafar, the Sultan’s evil vizier. This event initiates the departure of the hero’s journey as Aladdin’s encounter with Jafar disguised as an old prisoner signifies the call to adventure. Even though Aladdin is not aware that this is t he beginning of his journey, from this point on everything will change. The young man becomes trapped inside the cave with his inseparable pet monkey, Abu, where they encounter one of two supernatural aids, a magical carpet that becomes their close friend.Inside the cave they also find the lamp and its friendly magical inhabitant, the Genie, the most important supernatural aid, who also becomes Aladdin’s essential guide. The moment Aladdin makes the first wish out of the three the Genie grants him; he crosses the first threshold. Simultaneously, he enters the belly of the whale since from this point on Aladdin abandons the life of poverty and crime, which he is accustomed to for a life of wealth and royalty. This begins his adventure into new territory as playing prince becomes more complex than expected.At first Aladdin embarks in the heroic journey’s initiation merely for the material rewards and the opportunity to abandon his difficult life in the streets of Agrabah , but along the way he learns to appreciate his true self and comes to fit Campbell’s prototype of the hero. Aladdin’s objective for going on the journey is to win the heart of Jasmine, who he has deeply fallen in love with since their first encounter at the marketplace or the meeting with the goddess. The love Aladdin and Jasmine share motivates him to begin and continue on the journey in hopes of marrying her.Once Aladdin has already initiated the journey, the evil Jafar becomes â€Å"the woman as temptress† in his life. Jafar continues to place obstacles in Aladdin’s path physically by: first trying to kill him in the Cave of Wonders, then by attempting to drown him in order to stop him from courting Jasmine as Prince Ali, and finally attempting to murder him as a giant cobra. Most importantly, Jafar psychologically tempts Aladdin to give up several times and interferes with his mental quest by recurrently making degrading comments that obstruct Aladdi n’s ability to recognize his strength and value.The initiation phase in Aladdin continues with the atonement with the father. In this step, Aladdin has an argument with the Genie, who has become a mentor, much like a father figure. The Genie criticizes Aladdin’s change in character. He feels that Aladdin’s transformation into Prince Ali has altered his personality. Aladdin has become arrogant and selfish. This argument results in Aladdin’s realization and reawakening of his true self as he recognizes he must stay true to his convictions. This epiphany allows Aladdin’s true self to focus on the ultimate boon, which is marrying Princess Jasmine, what he originally begins his journey for.Aladdin concludes his journey with the return, which successfully brings him to the freedom to live. Aladdin experiences the refusal of the return earlier in the story when he lets his insecurity overcome him. After he has had the chance to experience life as Prince A li, Aladdin says, â€Å"the last thing I want to be now, is be myself† (Clements, Musker). He refuses to return to his normal life where the Genie cannot wish all his troubles away. The Genie is also an important part of the rescue form without stage in Aladdin’s journey. At this point Aladdin’s vulnerability as well as the Genie’s appreciation for him are evident.Aladdin is captured by Jafar and thrown in to the bottom of the river with a rock tied to his feet. Without the Genie’s aid this would have been the end of the hero’s journey. Most importantly soon after this incident the Genie rescues Aladdin from himself and his selfishness when he makes him realize that he is only concerned about his own well being. Finally, Aladdin’s quest ends with his attainment of the freedom to live. By this point the young hero has learned to accept himself and is willing to renounce to his own happiness for the joy of others.The protagonist of Alad din experiences the many stages of the hero’s journey in order to realize his true potential as well as come full circle in terms of character. In the beginning of the film, the viewer meets Aladdin and can immediately recognize his innate good nature. Early on in the movie, Aladdin’s generosity and compassion become evident when he gives up his only meal of the day to two poor children he finds rummaging though the garbage for something to eat. Not late after this, he saves the same two children from Prince Achmed’s whip.At this point, Aladdin does not realize his worth and this is why he must â€Å"take off on a series of adventures beyond the ordinary to discover some life giving elixir† (Campbell 127). The life giving elixir, as Campbell puts it in The Power of Myth, is Aladdin’s realization of his self worth, which becomes essential for his happiness. The journey tests Aladdin’s physical abilities numerous times, but it is from the psyc hological trials that Aladdin gains the most insight. Aladdin’s experiences along the journey affect his good character but eventually lead him to the ultimate level of maturity.Before going on the quest Aladdin does not know himself, and thus, â€Å"he is that mystery which he is seeking to know† (Campbell 15). However, Aladdin is not successful in staying true to his nature along the journey. Aladdin becomes caught up in the life of luxury and comfort that the Genie grants him. He begins to live in a lie and adopt an arrogant and selfish attitude. Aladdin had promised the Genie earlier that he would utilize his third wish to free him from his life as the lamp’s slave, however he becomes unable to stay true to that romise because of his selfishness and insecurity. He is afraid to be himself and feels he needs the Genie to maintain the fantasy life he has created. This is why the hero’s journey ultimately represents the â€Å"pattern of life, growth, and experience† (Harris) for Aladdin. The journey serves as a revelation for accepting one’s self and renouncing to one’s own satisfaction for the interest of others. As Aladdin follows the steps in Campbell’s hero’s journey, he ends the adventure by reaching the ultimate realization.The tale comes full circle as the journey polishes the diamond in the rough that embarked on the journey to produce a man who is aware of his potential and utilizes it for the benefit of others. At the end of the story, Aladdin’s complete maturation of character becomes undeniable as he gives up his happiness by renouncing his third wish to marry Jasmine for the Genie’s freedom. Of course, Disney could not end the adventure with the young man’s disillusionment, the Sultan changes the law, and Aladdin is able to marry the Princess because of his merit.

Educating Children And Our Elderly Population Essay

In the United States the children and our elderly population are most vulnerable. A need that needs to be addressed is that older adults have a lack of income. This mean that older adults do not have much money for food, because they have a harder time finding work that is not too labor intense. A program that I propose that would service our older population would be provided meals to older adults in the community. The goals and needs that my service program would satisfied would be food insecurity and the goal would be to increase socialization and promote community involvement. A Congregate meals site in the local community center would serve low income to no income older adults who have a need for food. Congregate meals would provide a good warm and nutritious meal and it would address the hunger and food insecurity that many older adults are facing in many poor communities. I did independent research on similar programs and services that were similar to my service program. The first Article that I read while doing research about my program was Delivering aging services: Stability and change in policies and programs. The article is about informing the elderly and their families about services that are available to them through the Older American Act (OAA). The article emphasizes that the Information, Referral and Assistance (IRA) programs was established to help family and elderly adults identify programs that would help them in their community and homes. (Roberto,Show MoreRelatedIs Ageism The Intentional And Subconscious Discrimination Against Older Adults? Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagesyounger generation does not understand that and dismisses the elderly. Showing respect and dignity to the older adult (OA) should be a courtesy ingrained in each of us, sadly, that has been forgotten in today’s society. The younger generations must learn the importance of respecting and take the time to listen to what the OA has to say and spend quality time w ith them. Children should be taught from an early age to treat the elderly with respect and dignity, and it should be carried with them throughoutRead MoreThe Importance Of Nutrition On Our Daily Lives1683 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years we have come to discover the importance of nutrition on our daily lives. Our daily nutritional intake affects every aspect of our functioning, especially as we age. Unfortunately this factor is too often overlooked. It is imperative that we truly understand the impact of proper nutrition on our lives, as aging is a complex process. Over time the human body accumulates damage in many of its major systems. Countless hours of research have gone into studying the human body and how itRead MoreThe Benefits Of The Prevention And Public Health Fund1710 Words   |  7 Pagesis distributed to many great Agencies to support research and programs to improve health care in our communities. A few agencies receiving funding that caught my eye were the Alzheimerâ€℠¢s disease Prevention Education and Outreach, Fall Prevention, and Hospitals Promoting Breastfeeding. Taking a deeper look at these programs we will learn how much money they are allocated and how they are impacting our healthcare. In years to come these programs can continue to grow with the appropriate amount of fundingRead MoreCase Analysis : Homecare Home Care Organization1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe lifestyle of individuals remain an essential element in ensuring that the adult population maintains good health through the provision of a home-based care for different workers who play an essential role in the promotion of healthy lifestyles among this population. It is consequently essential to determine that, the adult population needs to be provided with non-medical care aimed at improving their levels of physical activity and dietary changes in order to improve their health. In this caseRead MoreIndia s Health Issues Of India1259 Words   |  6 PagesIndia is a country in S outh Asia, and has astonishing assortment of faiths, dialects, and values that are exceptional and incomparable. Traditionally assorted and intricate, with rustic, and agricultural population, India has become a major manufacturing country that has experienced positive progress. Despite the manufacturing success, India still faces major health issues. Some of the country’s primary health problems are malaria, malnutrition/over nutrition, and cardiovascular disease. These healthRead MoreBenefits of Support Networks for Older Adults Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pageswanted to discover the correlations between social support concerning older adults and its effects on health. We will summarize the articles researched, discuss our goals, and describe our plan for implementation. Benefits regarding physical health, emotional health, and cognitive health have all been researched. â€Å"With respect to elderly people’s health, qualitative support (satisfaction with the level of support) has also been found to be a better predictor of positive outcome than quantitativeRead MoreHelp Aging Adults Cope with the Process Concept of Death 1722 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the USA QuickFacts (2014) the age of elderly people begins at the age of 65, and the U.S elderly population comprises of 13.7%. The elderly will outweigh any other aged population and it is necessary to established resources for the elderly to access. Participants will be encouraged to establish new relationships with other group members, as well as come to terms with relationships they once valued. Purpose and Rationale The purpose of this group is to help aging adults cope with theRead MoreMeasuring a Public Health Issue1366 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung Australians. Asthma is a chronic condition affecting the respiratory system and has a considerable impact on both individuals and a population. Everybody is susceptible to asthma, some more than others, depending of a variety of factors including, age, sex, geographical location and income. Asthma is particularly prevalent in younger children and the elderly and while it can be fatal, most people have mild cases of asthma that are relatively easy to treat. The condition mainly impacts an individual’sRead MoreSouthern Dominion Health Systems Invites The Investment From The Ada Foundation Of $ 5000.00905 Words   |  4 PagesFoundation of $5000.00 to improve the quality of oral health through education in our underserved and vulnerable population of Lunenburg County. This grant will be for a one year period. Problem/Background â€Å"Oral health care is not uniformly attainable across the nation† (Fineberg, H, 2011, p. ix). â€Å"Unfortunately, individuals who face the greatest barriers to care are often among the most vulnerable members of our society† (Yi, G., Logan, H. L., Dodd, V. J., Muller, K. E., Marks, J. G., RileyRead MoreSentinel City Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagesassists children with crossing the street at a school. Casper Park District contains ABC Daycare, Affordable Housing Project, bookstores, senior living, an art gallery, clothing stores, barbers, and the Business Development Center. Industrial Heights has the Interfaith Church, Health Clinic, Department of Transportation, and School District. Population Health Scavenger Hunt There are many community services offered throughout the city that can assist different types populations such as, children, adults

Transmutation Definition and Examples

The word transmutation means something different to a scientist, particularly a physicist or chemist, compared to the ordinary usage of the term. Transmutation Definition (trÄÆ'ns†²myoÍžo-tÄ Ã¢â‚¬ ²shÉ™n) (n) Latin transmutare -- to change from one form into another.  To transmute is to change from one form or substance into another; to transform or convert. Transmutation is the act or process of transmuting. There are multiple specific definitions of transmutation, depending on the discipline. In the general sense, transmutation is any transformation from one form or species into another on.(Alchemy) Transmutation is the conversion of base elements into precious metals, such as gold or silver. The artificial production of gold, chrysopoeia, was a goal of alchemists, who sough to develop a Philosophers Stone that would be capable of the transmutation. The alchemists attempted to use chemical reactions to achieve transmutation. They were unsuccessful because nuclear reactions are required.(Chemistry) Transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element into another. Element transmutation may occur either naturally or via a synthetic route. Radioactive decay, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion are natural processes by which one element may become another. Scientists most commonly transmute elements by bombarding the nucleus of a target atom with particles, forcing the target to change its atomic number, and thus its elemental identity. Related Terms: Transmute (v), Transmutational (adj), Transmutative (adj), Transmutationist (n)Transmutation Examples The classic goal of alchemy was to turn the base metal  lead into the more valuable metal  gold. While alchemy did not achieve this goal, physicists and chemists learned how to transmute elements. For example, Glenn Seaborg made gold from bismuth in 1980. There are reports that Seaborg also  transmuted a minute quantity of lead into gold, possibly en route via bismuth. However, its much easier to transmute gold into lead:  Ã‚   197Au  Ã‚  n  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  198Au (half life  2.7 days) →  198Hg   n →  199Hg n →  200Hg n →  201Hg n →  202Hg n →  203Hg (half life 47 days) →  203Tl   n →  204Tl (half life 3.8 years) →  204Pb  (half life 1.4x1017  years) The Spallation Neutron Source has transmuted liquid mercury into gold, platinum, and iridium, using particle acceleration. Gold may be made using a nuclear reactor by irradiating mercury or platinum (producing radioactive isotopes). If mercury-196 is used as the starting isotope, slow neutron capture followed by electron capture can produce the single stable isotope, gold-197. Transmutation History The term transmutation may be traced back to the early days of alchemy. By the Middle Ages, attempts at alchemical transmutation were outlawed and alchemists Heinrich Khunrath and Michael Maier exposed fraudulent claims of chrysopoeia. In the 18th century, alchemy was largely supplanted by the science of chemistry, after Antoine Lavoisier and John Dalton proposed atomic theory. The first true observation of transmutation came in 1901, when Frederick Soddy and Ernest Rutherford observed thorium changing into radium via radioactive decay. According to Soddy, he exclaimed, Rutherford, this is transmutation! To which Rutherford replied, For Christs sake, Soddy, dont call it  transmutation. Theyll have our heads off as alchemists!

Essay about Born to Be Wild - 1120 Words

Can you imagine keeping your dog in a small fish bowl, or keeping a person in a cage? How do you feel if you see rare animals which you may expect to see in wildlife, but you see them in someone’s backyard instead? These are similar to what people do when they keep exotic animals as their pets. Firstly, exotic pets are rare or unusual animals which are not native to the country, but kept in captivity within human households. These animals are generally considered as a wild species, and are not typically kept as pets. According to Born Free USA, a nonprofit organization dedicated in animal protection, only thirteen states ban the private ownership of exotic animals. Millions of them are still allowed to be privately possessed in the U.S†¦show more content†¦This data has shown us that average people can’t meet exotic animals’ needs in captivity. Even the best artificial environments just can’t match the space and freedom that exotic animals may hav e in their natural habitats. Eventually, owners will realize that providing these animals with high maintenance diet and housing becomes too difficult to handle. Like what Dr. Klaphake from Association of Avian Veterinarians has experienced, â€Å"In some cases, I send the owners to a pet store or other location to make the necessary changes for proper environment and diet, but often, they are overwhelmed by the cost or effort required. Many also completely ignored me† (â€Å"Exotic Animals: Appropriately Owned Pets or Inappropriately Kept Problems?†). His experience has assured us that many owners can’t keep up with the expense and commitment to take good care of these exotic animals. Most of these animals are handled inhumanely by their owners, which can be considered as cruelty to animals too. Some owners even remove these animals teeth or claws, to minimize the risk of being harmful to the owners. Boredom, loneliness, malnutrition, overwhelming stress, trauma, abnormal behaviors, and even premature death, may happen to exotics kept as pets. The Human Society of the United States (HSUS)Show MoreRelatedAnimals Should Not Be Held Captivity1590 Words   |  7 Pagesanimal captivity is wrong. â€Å"Hundreds of thousands of wild animals across the world are snatched from natural habitats, forced into captivity and subjected to abuse, both mentally and physically, in the name of entertainment and profit.† (World Animal Protection 1) Places such as the circus use abusive training methods such as, hooks, chains, whips, electric rods, and blunt instruments. (Born Free USA 1) Animals deserve to live freely in the wild. Their freedom is taken away the moment the y are putRead MoreUnited Nations Environment Programme ( Unep ) Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pagesconfinement by zoos to eliminate cruelty. To begin with, wild animals were not meant for zoos, they belong in the wild. The wild is land uninhabited by people; a place where adapted animals breed, engage in social behavior and hunt just as the humans. In the wild, dozens of thousands of animals migrate in herds for about thirty to fifty miles a day, in search of food or a place to breed. Naturally, animals thrive and behave differently in the wild when compared to animals in a controlled environmentRead MoreAnimals Should Not Be Held Captivity1588 Words   |  7 Pagesanimal captivity is wrong. â€Å"Hundreds of thousands of wild animals across the world are snatched from natural habitats, forced into captivity and subjected to abuse, both mentally and physically, in the name of entertainment and profit.† (World Animal Protection 1) Places such as the circus use abusive training methods such as, hooks, chains, whips, electric rods, and blunt instruments. (Born Free USA 1) Animals deserve to live freely in the wil d. Their freedom is taken away the moment they are putRead MoreThe Research On Marine Mammal Captivity1332 Words   |  6 Pagesa range of themes, from their unique level of intelligence to why they may mentally and physically suffer in captive environments. However, it all connects to how and why these animals live and behave differently in captive environments than their wild counterparts. I had a unique method to how I researched the literature. Since marine mammal captivity is a personal interest of mine, I have attended educational conferences on the subject where I have made friends with many scientists such as DrRead MoreThe Ministers Black Veil And The Scarlet Letter1000 Words   |  4 Pagesnaturally we are born evil and society is the only thing that keeps us from provoking chaos. Therefore, Hawthorne’s novels, The Minister’s Black Veil and The Scarlet Letter were both set in puritan towns in the 1600’s, even though he was alive in the 18th century. The Scarlet Letter, which Hawthorne is best known for, is a fictional story about the sin of adultery. It tells the tale of a woman named Hester who bore a child out of marriage with her minister. So, through the symbols of the wild rosebush,Read MoreArgumentative Essay On Animal Cruelty744 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Americans have been keeping wild animals in captivity for entertainment pur poses for more than 150 years† causing many animals to live horrible lives in imprisonment. I believe the imprisonment of animals for human entertainment to be Animal Cruelty. Animal Cruelty is the crime of inflicting physical pain, suffering or death on an animal. The first U.S Zoo, the Philadelphia Zoo opened in 1874. This opened a path for others to go out into the wild and capture wild, exotic animals to show off to theRead MoreAnalysis Of Enkidu s The Epic 849 Words   |  4 Pages In contrast Enkidu was also described as a strong, fearless and great warrior. He was said to have â€Å"the strength of heaven, and mighty will be his strength† he was also said to be â€Å"valiant in the steppe† which signifies that he is fearless in the wild, and he would have the force of the hero Ninurta, god of war. Enkidu’s character is androgynous and his journey symbolizes that of man’s. The story of Enkidu is similar to the creation myth of the Bible. According to TheTorah.com part 1 The MidrashRead MoreThe Animalia Kingdom1350 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout the year and do so by grabbing onto branches with their long, black tongue and using their tough lips and flattened, grooved teeth are able to strip the leaves off the branches. Giraffes most commonly eat from acacia trees but also browse for wild apricots, flowers, fruits and buds along with eating seeds. More than 93% of a giraffe’s natural diet is generally trees and shrubs, with very little to no grass intake. If a giraffe does eat grass it is usually by accident, because it is trapped withRead MoreThe Animal Rights Debate1244 Words   |  5 Pageswe see different animals in created habitats eating prepared food. A variety of different animals are either captured or born to amuse humans and in most cases for a profit. The rights of freedom stripped from animals to make us smile are not essential to our survival. Animal’s that are raised outside their natural habitat cannot survive among their fellow species in the wild. The Zoo, and circus are prime examples of animals misuse and abuse. Animals from the zoo, and circus would not be able toRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Jack Londons The Call Of The Wild707 Words   |  3 PagesThe Call of the Wild Literary Analysis Have Have you ever read The Call of the Wild? The Call of the Wild by Jack London it is a story about a dog name Buck that transformation from a pampered pet to a fierce,masterful wild,animal, and this transformation naturally means that the canine protagonist gradually separates himself from his human masters on his way to achieving a final independence. Nevertheless, The Call of the Wild ultimately offers an ambiguous,rather than negative, portrait of Buck’s

Building Maintenance free essay sample

Encarta Dictionary (2009), defines allocation as an act of giving or earmarking something to or set something aside for a purpose. It defines maintenance as work that is done regularly to keep a machine, building, or pieces of equipment in good condition and working order. It defines it further as the general condition of a facility with respect to repairs making it unchanged or unimpaired. It defines resources allocation as the act of deciding how resources such as money, assets, and personnel (labours) should be used in order to achieve a particular aim. Maintenance resources allocation is thus a very important topic describing how human and material resources are logically assigned to structural facilities such as buildings and roads with the sole aim of making such facilities retain their initial construction value. The decrease of resource allocation for building maintenance activities urges the professions to develop solutions on reducing the maintenance costs. Thus, it is vital to identify the cost characteristics and other resources requirement of preventive maintenance, includes scheduled maintenance and condition-based maintenance through literature review. The characteristics of preventive maintenance always affect the maintenance cost performance. Therefore, relationships between characteristics of preventive maintenance and maintenance cost performance must be established to understand and take into consideration, the maintenance planning stage. At the end, the significant relationship will be able to help the industry practitioners in selecting appropriate maintenance strategy with optimal maintenance expenditure, yet improving the maintenance outcome. The building maintenance costs are rising rapidly from time to time due to poor maintenance in the past. In UK, total spending on building maintenance had a dramatically increase of 66% in the past 10 years. In Malaysia, the development plan allocation for repair and maintenance works in building sector increased from RM296 million during the Eighth Malaysian Plan to RM1,079 million during the Ninth Malaysian Plan. However, the development plan allocation for repair and maintenance works in the Tenth Malaysian Plan has decreased to RM500 million. Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to a structure that uses process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a buildings life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by: †¢Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity †¢Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation from dilapidated facilities Building maintenance resources typically considered to be green include lumber from forests that have been certified to a third-party forest standard, rapidly renewable plant materials like bamboo and straw, dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal (see: copper sustainability and recyclability), and other products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, an d/or recyclable (e. . , Trass, Linoleum, sheep wool, panels made from paper flakes, compressed earth block, adobe, baked earth, rammed earth, clay, vermiculite, flax linen, sisal, seagrass, cork, expanded clay grains, coconut, wood fibre plates, calcium sand stone, concrete (high and ultra high performance, roman self-healing concrete), etc. ) The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) also suggests using recycled industrial goods, such as coal combustion products, foundry sand, and demolition debris in construction projects. Most building construction materials are imported to the country as there is great level of lack of confidence in our locally made materials making such materials scarce for various repair works. Energy efficient building materials and appliances are promoted in the United States unlike Nigeria through energy rebate programs, which are increasingly communicated to consumers through energy rebate database. This rebate exercise minimises waste, maximises recycling thereby having a significant positive effect on maintenance works as dilapidated components are collected for reprocessing into something useful as its initial purpose. A similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally. Other related topics include sustainable design and green architecture. Sustainability may be defined as meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Although some green building programs dont address the issue of the retrofitting existing homes, others do. Green construction principles can easily be applied to retrofit (maintain) work as well as new construction. Types and characteristics of managerial inputs from the operational level are not known. This creates barriers in agreeing on the maintenance resources, and has impacts on the efficiency and effectiveness of construction industries. From the financial perspective, most of the previous arguments of maintenance works identified are always without sufficient resources.. Previous studies seldom investigate the reasons why maintenance resources are allocated. Types of criteria for maintenance management decisions are also outstanding. It is important to investigate how the maintenance personnel justify their maintenance objectives. Moreover, studying about how PPM is connected with organisational objectives is limited. It is suggested addressing how maintenance objectives are related to maintenance strategy, which have influences on the building maintenance operation processes. Maintenance objective is one of the organisational sub-business objectives, and is dominated by the organisation strategy. Planning of maintenance objectives have impacts on the facility management operation in terms of using different maintenance strategies, which are influenced by the cost, quality and process directly and indirectly. On the contrary, whether the top management is concerned with the maintenance strategies are not known. Building maintenance objectives are the fundamental element to describe the scopes, purposes and aims of the maintenance activities, as well as the relationships with the organisational objectives. However, maintenance personnel are criticised for narrowly focusing on the technical issues. The links between building maintenance operation and organisation is an important issue and was recognised by most of the researchers for achieving organisational goals effectiveness. Investigations about how the maintenance objectives are established and the relationships between building maintenance and the business objectives are limited. It is also important to know how the relationships between the strategic level and the operational level are established. Studying alignment map between these two levels is to achieve a better planning of maintenance activities and resources allocation. However, mismatching between the two levels still exists when the basic of the links and the maintenance objectives are not known, or not clearly defined. Some organisations have not clearly defined their maintenance objectives, and are even without maintenance objectives. It is concluded that arguments of maintenance strategy, standard and resources are due to the lack of justification of building maintenance objectives. Thus, the preliminary investigation of research question can be focused on the investigation of ‘How do maintenance personnel at the operational level develop building maintenance objectives? ’ Following with this main question, it is recommended to collect the data and information about how maintenance personnel develop building maintenance objectives, and the following data and information is recommended:- †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œ What are the generic building maintenance objectives? – What are the factors influencing planning of building maintenance objectives? †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œ What are the reasons for the prioritisation of building maintenance objectives? †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œ What are the challenges from the top management and the gaps between building maintenance objectives and organisational objectives? Understanding the relationships between the top management at the strategic level and maintenance personnel at the operational level are considered important for better man agement of building maintenance operation processes. 4. 2 RECOMMMENDATION Construction and maintenance materials should be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site to minimize the energy embedded in their transportation. Where possible, building elements should be manufactured off-site and delivered to site, to maximise benefits of off-site manufacture such as; minimising waste, maximising recycling (because manufacture is in one location), high quality elements, better OHS management, less noise and dust. In the facility life-cycle process, costs are incurred in construction, operation, maintenance, and disposal of a facility. Past emphasis during the planning, design, and construction phases has been on estimating initial construction costs. The operating and maintaining shouldn’t be left out. In many cases, the operation and maintenance (OM) costs are far greater than initial construction costs. Building owners are should not majorly be concerned with the total initial construction costs of facilities rather, they should be more concerned about the life cycle costs of such structure. Maintainability is a key area where the industry needs to achieve improvements. This study identified two key factors that would enable the industry to achieve the desired improvements. Knowledge that would allow the issue of maintainability to be addressed as well as the tools to assess building performance in terms of its maintainability are indispensable and building maintenance strategy and policy in relation to maintenance resources allocation However, it is clear the different parties to the construction contract are reluctant to assume further responsibilities and liabilities which shouldn’t be so. All data regarding product or design’s maintainability should be made readily available. This would require the relevant party to invest in research and development and this create further challenge in an industry that is driven by â€Å"lowest cost† mentality. This would require clients and their advisers to make informed decisions thereby enhancing allocation of maintenance in construction industry.