U.S. foreign policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

U.S. international form _or_ system of government - Essay ExampleIt is an observation that foreign polity of the US plays a crucial role in functions and operations of different countries around the globe, and this has been the reason of significant importance of different aspects of US foreign policy in international media and research.This paper is a similar attempt to analyze one of the major stakeholders of US foreign policy public. In particular, the paper includes discussion and analysis of the perspective as whether public sound judgement matters in the purpose-making process of US foreign policy or not. The paper includes different studies and reports that will be very beneficial in comprehensive understanding and validation of the discussion. Introduction In a republican nations foreign policy, decisions are likely to be taken by the citizens and in post of the citizens. Governments are answerable to the citizens and the public would not clash, in view of the fact th at it is public who finally catch up with the price and suffer for the most part. Efforts of one government to control significant foreign policies of another by disturbing public opinion within that nation are not new to global relations. The British tried to influence United States view in support of joining some(prenominal) World Wars during the twentieth century. The issue of whether such efforts actually matter, however, stays open. United States public diplomacy throughout the post-9/11 build certainly influenced by public opinion however, the result is conditional on United States leaders trustworthiness in front of public... As a result, a foreign policy maker must be responsive to these restraints, master them, and rise above them, changing them to his or her determination (Hunt, p. 98, 2009). It is generally acknowledged by both researchers as well as the politicians that the balanced option is the leading approach to foreign policy making. This approach consists of ide ntification and description of the problem selection of objective recognition of substitutes and choice. Discussion In the foreign policy making procedure, the decision maker is not different to any normal human organism who, after assessing the case, usually selects those measures, which almost certainly would attain the most excellent result. However, in the concept of sensibleism, the rational is frequently puzzled with truth. If a foreign policy goes wrong, it is said that the decision makers worked unreasonably. However, whether correct or incorrect, if the decision was an act of study it can barely be unreasonable. Some that decision makers perform reasonably in conditions when they are stressed mainly in emergency, because in these circumstances, they have to be careful about their actions (Spanier & Hook, p. 395, 2009). The subject field of public opinion along with its power in foreign policy has been an issue of argument both in and since the cold war between pragmatists and moderates. Arguments in favor of pragmatist view can be entrap back in the eighteenth century. Edmund Burke a political philosopher contended that A representatives unbiased opinion, his mature judgment, his enlightened conscience, he ought not to sacrifice to you, to any man, or to any settle of men living. Your representative owes you, not his industry

The Manager as a Critical Thinker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Manager as a Critical judgment - Essay Example Which words or phrases are ambiguous? What are the value and descriptive assumptions? atomic number 18 there any fallacies in the reasoning? How good is the evidence? be there rival causes? Are the statistic deceptive? What significant is omitted? What reasonable conclusions are possible? Some or all of these questions can be used by critical thinkers to analyse and evaluate reasons provided as explanations for conclusion drawn on a particular matter. Evaluation of the PDQ Case The issues and the conclusion in the PDQ case is that CEOs pay is usurious when compared with the salary levels in equal companies. The reason given is that the CEO has received double material body increases reportedly 40% while over the period growth has been only a mere single digit of 3%. In addition to that a story which appeared in the local newspaper indicated that Raymond James he is The Highest Paid Valley Executives. However, before we can agr ee with this conclusion we have to evaluate the reasons given and to arrest if they provide adequate evidence on which such a conclusion can be based. Benchmarking Benchmarking is the fulfill of using industry figures as a point of reference in evaluating a particular scenario. In this case the figures relating to compensation are being compared with that of similar companies in the industry. Benchmarking Raymond James introductory pay with that of similar companies in the industry is a good way to determine whether his pay is exorbitant. Information from the economic search Institute indicates that the average salary for a CEO of a company with similar characteristic in the same industry as PDQ for the year 2007 the latest year for which information is available is approximately $391,659. The figures from PDQ sympathetic resource department indicate that the CEOs basic pay was $506,722. This is approximately $115,000 more than the average. The point that $391,659 is the ave rage indicates that some of the basic salaries are higher and some are lower-rankinger than the average figure. However, we do not have any information on the highest and lowest figures used in the calculation. Therefore, the information from the Economic research Institute does not provide sufficient information to agree with that conclusion. Additionally, the information from the Economic Research Institute is not current and therefore the statement that it is now probably much more than that since he has received raises totalling 24% in the past two years is ambiguous. Furthermore, if the lowest figure is very low this would have a major impact on the average salaries. Best Practice Best dedicate is a term used to describe what is considered to be a good practice that can be recommended throughout the industry. This practice is one that others in the industry look up to as a cheering way of carrying out operations or in dealing with a particular matter which in this case happ ens to be the matter of CEO compensation. Best practice is generally copied by similar companies in the industry. However, one has to be cautious in utilising such practice. In terms of best practice an indie research firm indicates that in medium sized companies that have characteristics which are similar to PDQ the levels of compensation for CEOs throw off significantly since 2002 when median total compensation declined by 7.5%. This information refers to total compensation and not basic pay which is the issue being discussed

Mohammed ali clay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mohammed ali clay - Research Paper ExampleAs a professional athlete who popularized the version and who remains one of the most well-known knickers of all time, Muhammad Ali was a three-time world heavyweight lead as well as an Olympic athlete. The following will explore the life and times of Cassius mud/Muhammad Ali and discuss the important contributions that he has made to the boxing world as well as to the united States of America (About Muhammad 2009).Cassius body grew up in the 1940s Louisville, Kentucky, a community in which blacks and whites intermixed but on that point was also an undercurrent of racism which pervaded all aspects of society. Accordingly, racial segregation was a feature of the early pugilists existence in Kentucky as the state practiced the infamous Jim Crow laws. Due to these restrictions on hurry mixing, education, healthcare, and a variety of other things such as rural road transport were segregated base upon race. Despite growing up in an era i n which the color of his skin was a hindrance, Cassius Clay put whatever anger he had at the discriminatory and racist society in which he grew up towards boxing. As a young boy he began boxing and eventually won 6 Kentucky Golden gloves titles as well as an Amateur Athletic Union national title. Cassius Clay affect boxing aficionados throughout the Midwest as well as nationally and he represented the join States in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. Unknown to many, Cassius Clay later to become the world-famous Muhammad Ali - was an accomplished amateur boxer who won the light heavyweight funds medal for the United States in Rome in 1960. racism was a serious problem in the United States during this time and the victorious Cassius Clay reportedly threw his gold medal into the river upon returning to United States and being refused service due to the existence of Jim Crow laws. Despite the feature that Cassius Clay successfully

Discussion question managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion question managment - Essay ExampleE-Business and e-commerce are related. E-business incorporate e-commerce in that e-commerce continue with money related issues of a business such as buying and selling of goods and services. However, the two disagree in the sense that e-business central think is on the functions that occur over the network while e-commerce focus is on the acquisition of extra revenue using the internet based financial platforms. The two basis cannot be used interchangeable. This is because e-business goes beyond financial matters while this is central focus of e-commerce (Harvey & Paul, 2001).B2B is a commerce dealing that involves business to business. B2C is a type of transaction that takes place between business and consumer and G2C is a transaction that involves a link between Government and private individual or resident. They differ in terms of mass of transactions involved and the level of the information n flow. B2B realizes from using the i nternet by increasing profitability. B2C benefit from internet because consumer are able to compare commodity prices easily and G2C use internet to reach the drive group or

Laughing All the Way to the Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Laughing All the Way to the Bank - Essay ExampleConsequently, one maybe compelled to emanation his education by getting an MBA. However, the reality and frustration soon sets in when even later on achieving higher(prenominal) credentials, no promotion is forthcoming. To this end, Adams came to the reality that it was not always guaranteed that the highly qualified and best suited opinion for a job gets a promotion. In addition, hard work done by one employee is normally accorded to another less deserving employee. Moreover, based on his comic strip on Dilbert, Adams present the view that only the bright but clueless individuals are hired. Consequently, employees are promoted on the basis of low competence rather than merit. From Adams viewpoint, in addition to his economic degree, he had gone a ill-treat further to earn an MBA. All of his extra effort was centered on the belief that he would achieve promotion. However, after realizing that no promotion was forthcoming, and a s tagnated career, Scott Adams was compelled to quit his job. It is quite evident that Scott Adams was frustrated with the corporate world. This was after realizing that job promotion and high academic qualifications are not always intrinsically linked. Consequently, Scott Adams opted to go fulltime into his entrepreneurial job as a surveyist following its initial popularity and potential to flourish. What sources of information and expertise did Adams use in give outing and developing his business? Did the start-up of the Dilbert cartoon follow the typical pattern of entrepreneurial start-ups? Why or why not? The concept of Scott Adams cartoon strip, Dilbert was initially inspired through his personal experiences as an employee in the bank. To this end, Scott Adams cites that he used Dilbert to channel the frustration, absurdity and stress of working life that he experienced in the corporate world of America. In the onset of Dilberts prominence, Scott Adams changed tact in the sour cing of information for Dilberts development. To this end, Adams seek customer opinion by attaching his email enshroud to every cartoon strip. The purpose for attaching his email address was to draw in suggestions and comments that would develop the Dilbert comic strip further. Consequently, Adams would receive between 350 and 800 feedback messages daily. The start up of Dilbert cartoon did not follow the typical pattern of entrepreneurial start ups. Foremost, Adams started stumble his cartoon strip go still working at Pacific Bell. To this end, his method off start up contravened the classical molding norm that usually calls for total commitment and resource allocation for start up. Moreover, owing to the fact that Scott Adams started off his cartoon strip while still working, he incurred few risks. To this end, majority of classical entrepreneurial start ups involve the incurring a high extent of risk. For example, if the risk of failure in the enterprise comes to pass, the e ntrepreneur in most cases has no fallback platform. To this end, he/she risks not only losing investments made but besides an optional resource pool. However, in Scott Adams case, if he failed in his cartoon strip, he had an immediate fallback plan within his job security. This is in recognition that Adams had not yet quite his job while get-go up Dilbert. Adams claims that his success is due primarily to luck and persistence do you agree or differ? Do you think his advice is helpful to potential entrepreneurs? Why or why not? Based on Scott Adams view on

Delinquency Program Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Delinquency Program - Research newspaper publisher ExampleThe frightened continuous program was used throughout the United States of America, to discourage the adolescent children or the one potential juveniles children, from committing criminal activities in the future. In this program the children were told harsh stories intimately the adult prisoners, what sufferings do they go through in the prison. The program consisted of counseling the juvenile children. The interview of the juvenile with the adult prisoner, they are allowed to ask a question about the prisoners life. The detailed contemplate of this program showed that this juvenile program is not only futile but it is harmful to the children and mostly leaves a negative effect on the childrens mind. There was a documentary made, focusing the scared straight program as a subject. This documentary was a great success and showed to build a affirmative image of this program in the minds of its audience. This documentary s howed juvenile paying their visit to the adult prisoners in the punitory of New Jersey. In this documentary the idea conveyed was that attempting a crime is a matter of choice, it has little to do with social variables too. A research was conducted by Anthony Petrosino and some other writers at the Campbell Corporation. They studied nine scared straight programs. The finding of this research was that the crime rate was increased up to 26% in the data-based group in comparison to the control group. Similarly, Mark Lipesy of Vanderbilt Institute of public policy studies analyzed the program.

Multimedia & design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

multimedia system & design - Essay ExampleAs political platforms have integrated with computers, they also need to integrate with gracious cosmoss (Norman, 2004). Programs need to have a implementr-friendly graphical interface in order to enhance comfort station in their application. If the interface is not user friendly this affects the emotions of the human race user negatively, whereby the user finds it frustrating when the program or application is too complex to operate and understand. I strongly agree with Don Norman as he says computers with emotions argon necessary in order to facilitate effective operation by human beings. At least computers should have appropriate emotional manifestations. A computer with emotions is able-bodied to determine human emotions, which can be used as protective covering features to the computer. In organizations such as banks and security agencies where information is sensitive, computer emotions are highly recommended to be very effec tive. Features such as facial, component part and fingermark detection are key security features in the modern society technology. A computer with emotions is able to do most activities, which can be done by human beings (Norman, 2004). It may be expensive to purchase a few computers with emotional programs but in the end, it will sum up to being cost effective. Nevertheless, there is a challenge when using computers with emotions in cases whereby the human user lacks the emotions, which the computer has. For instance, human being who does not have fingers or is dump finds it hectic to use the computer. If the password to the computer requires voice or fingerprint recognition, then the human user with disability will not be able to operate the computer. Question 2 Philosophers have in the past come up with various philosophic concepts that people may use to analyze various popular culture. These concepts are what many philosophers consider tools that a philosopher unavoidably to solve various philosophical problems. For each particular category of popular culture, there are specific philosophical tools that one can use to analyze the culture. If faced with a problem, I would be able to collect various philosophical tools that are displayed in the book to form a philosophical tool equip that will help me in analyzing the problems and dealing with the same problems. The tools are very slender especially in solving day-to-day problems. For a computer scientist, these philosophical tools are vital in making good interfaces. When designing an interface, the developer should ensure that all cultural as well as accessible factors are considered (Wittkower, 2008). For this small project, I was trying to come up with a tool kit to modify developers to consider some social and cultural aspects of users when designing interfaces. These philosophical tools would provide the developer with a base in which to view model use needs. One of the philosophical tools that I identified to be very critical in designing interfaces is logic. Logic is very essential for the developer to analyze what the user needs. Like when building the iPod interface, the developer needs logic to understand what the user needs (Wittkower, 2008). The other philosophical tool that I identified is Utilitarianism. Developers should use Utilitarianism to come up with the best course of action to take. This is one of the tools that are needed in my kit to ensure that developers consider the best cause of action

TO PLAN A SMALL BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

TO PLAN A SMALL BUSINESS - Essay ExampleIts a time tested fact that e rattling business when it is founded starts on a sm any posting and then grows with time, in order to gain sustainability and maintain competitive advantage in the marketplace. The small businesses are started by identifying and fulfilling the needs of the customer spell starting with a very small seed capital. In a similar note, to fulfill the needs of the needs of the youngsters, and busy professionals, who lack the time and space to gain march and socialize with each other, the concept called 18 coffee bar has been developed. 18 Cafe will satisfy the socialise needs of todays youngsters and busy professionals, while providing a cool, soothing and relaxing ambience of the eighteenth century, but with the technological connectivity of the 21st century. Mission The mission of 18 Cafe is to provide superior dividing line of products at affordable rates without compromising on the product as well as the reno vation quality. The following figure illustrates the expected figures of net sales, gross profits as well as net profit for 18 Cafe during the first two years of its op epochtions. Figure 1 Expected horizon during the first two years of operation Objectives The short term objectives of 18 Cafe would be to happen upon sales of ?200,000 in its outlet in the first year and maintain a net profit margin greater than 30% of sales by the end of the year. In the long run, 18 Cafe expects to expand its outlets in UK and subsequently across Africa. Business The globalization of the endet Earth has brought with itself, various advantages to the clement life. It has moved on from the era of industrialization in the early 70s to an era of digitization which began in the late 80s and finally transformed itself to the era of globalization in the era of late 90s. Peoples lives have increasingly becoming hectic as they depict to maintain a descent lifestyle with a descent income. With the ris e of middle class families all around the globe along with the pressure of financial crisis on the Euro zone, people around the globe and loosely in the western countries are responding to the pressure on their financial needs by working particular(a) hours or by doing or handling multiple jobs. As a result of this hectic work schedule, social lives of the people are getting hampered. Man is a social animal and the social networking media same(p) Facebook and Twitter has to some extent helped people in connecting with each other. But, the need for physical space is very much essential in spite of the shortage of time for networking in the peoples life. memory the need of todays busy individual in mind, a proper business plan is being built to develop cater to the needs of the human interaction in the real world. So the idea in this business plan is to develop a Wi-Fi cafe that will be do the purpose of human interaction in the real as well as virtual world, while grabbing some quick bite to please their appetites. The proposed name of the cafe is 18 Cafe. The Cafe is intended to be set up with an initial capital of ?100,000, of which the owner would put in 25% and expected to adjust a bank loan for the remaining 75% capital

Quantitative Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Quantitative Methods - Research Paper ExampleThe importance of the co consolidation concept in the economic literature is due to the possibility of linking. The linking is due to the information about long pitch equilibrium of LTK and LOBC. The statistical evidence of short run dynamics in observed series helps in estimating the integration between the values. The each element of a vector of time series need to pay back a unit root. If there exists a linear combination, then it is stationary. A non parametric approach depose be proposed to study the co integrate system. A discrete time p variate integrated process of order d with drift can be defined by square of Yt. Yt is the integration of values from Y1 to Yt.In 2001 the IMF board meeting held in 2001 paved the way for long awaiting IMF loans that have exceeded the countersink of US$16 billion. These will have supplementary facilities also. The financial motley foolets have been swarmed with a flow of broad(a) news and th e application of savings banking reacpitalisation and the international cojuncture will be variables that divert the direction of the markets.The redemption of USD61 billion of municipal by treasury and the borrowing of USD 46.5 billion has initiated the availability of investments for the industries. The treasury aimed to reduce the total debt stock to unwashed national product ration to 86.9 percent in 2002. The previous one is 94.7 percent. This indicates the increase of GNP and a chance of increase of productivity and share prices. It is believed that the longer dated T-bills and other higher real returns rough 20 percent annualized comparison to shorter dated issues depend on O/N repo. This was based on inflation estimates and the moderate inflation resulted in increase of share prices and productivity. Though there is an intensive agendum the daily volume of equities in Istanbul stock exchange fluctuated around USD 400 million. This is due to the jitters over the politic al disputes that can effect the economy. As 2001 is a dismal year of performance the bench mark index of ISE eased down in January. This is due to the new letter intent coupled with the celestial latitude inflation. This was posted lower than expected. The result of decreasing of USD in 2001 did not interfere in the business much. The harmonization bill, the expectation of US attack on Iraq, the banking recapitalization scheme, acceleration of the privatization process and other various laws passed by the fantan are indicators that made the business grow. This resulted in ISE 100 index inclined by 5.3 percent in terms of dollar. The USD 16 billion and the IMF credit facilities resulted in structural and infrastructure reforms and resulted in private bank recapitalization scheme being most significant of all the milestones. The rehabilitation of the state banking system and the segregation of the suffer private banks from the system reinforced the private banks and made robust step in banking reforms. The asset counseling companies were established and the hurdles intimidating the foreign and domestic investors were eliminated. The harmonization of privatization by EU has generated USD 1.5 billion in 2002.

African Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

African Politics - leaven ExampleIts aims were to create separate institutions, and to some extent separate motherlands, for the black people who existed in white-dominated settlements in ancient America. Black separatists arguments were that the white people oppressed the blacks, and that it was impossible for the blacks to advance in any itinerary when living in a white-dominated societies. The proponents of this movement pushed for segregation of black institutions such as business schools so that the blacks themselves would direct them (Selverstone 160). Concisely, the main objectives of this movement were to separate the black societies from the white to achieve means of making them fencesitter and self-sufficient to survive in an environment that was hostile.One of the dominant black elites of this movement includes Marcus Garveys widely distributed Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), and the Nation of Islam. Marcus Garvey, unlike other activists, did not advocate for seg regation within white territories, rather, Garveys UNIA elite called on the black society to move from America and return to their homeland in Africa, Liberia to be specific (Lawler & Davenport 80-82). The second elite, Nation of Islam, was founded by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad, and called for the establishment of new independent states for blacks except in the white territories. In addition, it provided economic, social, mental, and spiritual support for African Americans. According to its sympathizers, the black community would nevertheless foster if it had its own states with black schools, police, politicians, and businesses.This is an umbrella movement that housed other smaller social movements that aimed at windup discrimination, segregation by race, and enforces the voting rights of blacks living in the United States. This movement employed mostly campaigns of well-behaved resistance, implementing civil disobedience and non-violent protests as tactics to create crises that would make the

Recorded Music a Paradigm in Transition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Recorded Music a figure of speech in Transition - Essay ExampleMusic has been a p fine art of military personnel civilization since the earliest times of human existence. The evolution of music over the centuries has do it an almost integral part of human life to the extent that music stars become heroes of a country and are immortalized in memory, stamps, or statues and by their very own work. From the classical producers of music like Beethoven and Bach, the rock stars of the 60s to the boy band febricity of the 90s, music has been an essential aspect of art and culture for our society.However, while music is treated as art and entertainment by the majority of the public, it is also a very serious business with costs of production, marketing, diffusion and development running into the billions of dollars. At the same time, there are huge profits to be made if a music venture is successful and things like concerts, videos, CDs, mp3s and several other squiffys of accessing musi c mean that artists and record labels have many different avenues of making money (Daley, 1999). Undoubtedly, while other industries like the machine manufacturing sector has been affected by technology, the music industry has possibly got the worst shock and the rude change of the digital age has forced the music makers to rush into a transition (Bruno, 2006).

Comparative Economic Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Comparative Economic Systems - Essay modelingThe size of the population along with the role of the government in programming economic yield processes, all in all help to determine the stability of the country. The labor market, capital market, the agriculture, trade, healthcare together reflects the economic strength of the country. accentuation these aspects of economic suppuration dynamics, this paper will aim at assessing the economic components of the US in compare to the performance of China, Russia and the UK. Prime focus will remain in studying the economic variability of these countries in the recent era. From a generalized point of view, as can be observed, the growth of the US providence as compared to the other nations has been more because of its industrialization benefits, which illustrates that the economy considerably depends on its micro and macro environment. backchat Comparison between China and the US The US has remained one of the leading economies of the world since 1979. However, recent statistics comparability the US growth rate with that of China reveals that both the countries reside alongside with insignificant differences in their growth rates. As per the statistical reports of aThe World Bank (2013), Chinas gross domestic product growth rates catch been consistently higher than the US since 2003 to 2012. Comparisons on the performances of the two economies further indicate that even though the GDP growth rate was higher for China, its GDP in the USD tends to be much lower in affinity to that of the US. For instance, the GDP USD enter for China as on the fiscal year 2012 was estimated at $8.358 trillion, while the preserve GDP USD for the US in the same year amounted to $15.68 trillion. One of the possible reasons to such fluctuation may be caused due to their differences in terms of population and other socio-economic components. To be noted, China currently is recorded to host 1.351 billion nationals, where the total po pulation of the US is recorded to be 313.9 million in semblance refer to Table 1 in the Appendix (aThe World Bank, 2013 bThe World Bank, 2013). This indicates that even though the Chinese economic growth may seem to be better than that of the US, an in-depth understanding to the issue exhibits a different scenario altogether, owing to their differences in terms of various other inherent economic factors. . As per the data, China is the second largest trade spouse of America, since 1980 to 2012, the countries saw a growth of $5 billion to $536 billion (Morrison, 2013). This again makes the macro-economic components of trade largely dependent among these two countries, where the economic prosperity of China may also influence the economic performance of the US to a substantial extent. It is worth mentioning in this context that as a developing nation, China possesses indisputable benefits, which the US lacks when performing in the global market. For instance, the GDP growth rate o f China has shown a unbroken growth since 1979 to 2013, even when the world was facing an economic slowdown and the GDP growth rate in the US declined to zero refer to Table 1 in the Appendix. It was fundamentally owing to the flexibility enjoyed by a developing natio

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Paper ExampleThis depicts that instructors argon not utilizing appropriate mechanisms to enhance knowledge comprehension and retention, as well as the techniques that stimulate learners touch on in academics. This dissertation scrutinizes the plight of academic reforms, the various facets that it possesses, as well as some of the suggested modifications (Futrell, p. 1). change individuals suggest differing resolutions to the problem of academic restructuring in America. Additionally, on that point have been innumerable transformations of the current social system of American education since instigation. The main predicament is defining the perfect system of organizing and delivering of knowledge in academic institutions. This quandary is because of having varied ideologies on education from reformists, as well as scholars. In addition, politicians also add to the see that surrounds defining the ideal structure of education that is worth implementing. Most politicians voice what they perceive as the apprehension of voters. Therefore, it is also debatable whether it is appropriate to embrace their ideologies. Moreover, there is a universal conviction in the world(a) community, which is extremely beneficial, that education is an imperative resource that is crucial to participate in lifes triumphs. ... Furthermore, there is immense significance in defining the ideal structure of an academic system to settle the quandary of educational modification with a vivid objective in mind. Moreover, modifying education is transforming the manner of depiction of learning to learners. Thus, it is the obligation of educationalists and policy creators to determine the ideal mechanism to convey information to learners, as well as the appropriate amount of information at every level of academics. Additionally, it is crucial to comprehend that modification of a single strategy that, in turn, affects a single facet of education does not amount in an ideal academic s tructure. However, it is also extremely intricate to suggest that there is one individual or committee that can bring out an ideal academic structure. Criticisms will always arise, but it is significant to create an academic structure that optimally integrates the most productive strategies. Moreover, there are reformists who raise the issue of writ of execution of multicultural mechanism of education. However, there is also a quandary in defining an academic structure that is multicultural. The advocates of this ideology have some scopes of interest such as open-mindedness, ethics amongst other ideologies. The suggestion of educational modification with regard to multiculturalism in America commenced in the 1960s. This was due the surfacing of public rights associations, but the coining of the speech communication multicultural academics had not occurred. The basis for multicultural structure of academics was the ideology that it was necessary for the U.S to revisit its endeavou r of educating various affiliations. Moreover, in this epoch,

Movie comment Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Comment - word-painting Review ExampleAs Robert Levin reviews, La Mission is a quiet, authentic delineation about deportment in the hardscrabble Mission District of San Francisco. It features a charismatic lead performance by gum benzoin Bratt, while writer-director Peter Bratt depicts the neighborhood with a keenly observed sense of the close-knit macho tillage at its core. (Levin) Therefore, it is significant to realize that the drama film makes a perfect portrait of the old-world mode milieu in order to present the interracial and other lifestyle issues in todays urban environment. The major contribution to this effective handling of the social issues is made by the characters and themes of the movie. The characters in the movie such as Che Rivera, Jesse, Lena, Rene, and Smoke represent the various aspects of the interracial and lifestyle issues of the contemporary world. In fact, the fable is narrated in the background of a fathers love for his son turning out to be his dis gust for the sons gay relationships. However, themes such as interracial and lifestyle issues of the modern urban environment predominate the entire movie and the characters of the movie also contribute to the successful portrayal of these themes.In Emily Wilsons interview with Benjamin and Peter Bratt the issues of Latino masculinity, power, community pride, and identity emerged and it is fundamental to realize that the film producer effectively merges these elements to produce a wonderful film of concurring themes. Thus, it becomes evident that the entire movie focuses on the life and social issues of the Mission and it remains as the merging force. The brothers grew up in the neighborhood and watch always wanted to make a film about the Mission, which they say had a big twine on them For Peter Bratt, movie making is about social justice, and in La Mission he wanted to explore the presence and acceptance of violence in our daily lives. (Wilson) It is, therefore, essential to co mprehend

Tony Kushner's Angels in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tony Kushners Angels in America - Essay Example diarrhoea who has been give by AIDSand this thinking is reflected when he feels dirty as if his heart is pumping polluted blood. as he is seen to be hallucinating in his struggle with the angels as to the reason Earth has been cursed by Aids.(Kushner,P.34) and his deteriorating stipulate finds him being drawn to cosmologieswith no judg handst, no guilt, or responsibility (p,42).The play has heavy undertones of Angelic symbol originating from the traditional religious systems which is so characteristic of the sociological magnum opuses of the likes of Emile Durkheim and Peter Berger.The play demonstrates the rise and re-rise of Angel resource in the America of the nineties. In Angels in America, Roy Cohn ,another character of the play who says the classic dialogue just later being told by his doctor that he too has AIDS (Cadden, 1995). when he states ,Homosexuals are not men who sleep with other men, Cohn says. Homosexuals are men w ho in fifteen years of trying cannot get a pissant antidiscrimination bill through City Council. Homosexuals are men who know nobody and who nobody knows. Who have slide fastener clout. Does this sound like me (Kushner 200345).This dialogue shows the how the irrational hatred, disapproval, or fear of homosexuality, gay and lesbian plenty, or their subtlety manifests itself in an internalized way especially with in the ideals of people like Cohn as he blasts the minority for their deprivation of power and marginalization in the society and ends of hating them as a whole.Yet another of Kushner endlessly challenging and rich thematic concerns manifest themselves in one of the main relationships in the play between Joe Pitt and his wife, Harper. As a young Republican Mormon he is a close friend of Roy Cohn, who is also Joes lieutenant father. And their conversations about the changing American culture reflect the events post 9/11 showing the heaving political over tones of this d rama.All in all Kushners highest achievement in this play is his success in dramatizing the difference of opinion within Americas so called melting pot culture and ability to juggle japery and tragedy up till the point when Cohn dies in agony and Joe and Harper are left alone(predicate) showing some home for their future.The Play has not however always received a demonstrable response, and had to go through varying amounts of political and literary attack and people has objected the plays portrayal of Gay people as martyrs and largely condemned as an attack on American Values particularly by the religious community. Although the supporters of the play were not just amongst the gay community but the admirers came from all sections of the community based upon its moving depiction of the pain suffered by AIDS victims. The last scene of the play (Part 1-Millenium Approaches) shows an Angel which breaks through the ceiling of anterior Walters room in the hospital and there is a mess age which says

American Transition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American regeneration - Essay ExampleThe problem was that the radix Republicans stand more attention to the rearrangement of grey institutions rather than to the efflorescence of the ex-slave. Only some of them realized that slavery was not able to train the ex-slave for participation in a free competitive society, as most of them assumed that the termination of slavery meant the end of their problems (Burns 12). They believed that blacks could immediately stick in into community life on an equal footing with other citizens. Anyway ex-slaves appeared empty handed forwards the new kind of world. They had not yet been granted their civil rights. At the same time, they were no weeklong covered by property rights. Therefore they were even more vulnerable to physical intimidation than in front (Burns 7).Seemingly among the achievements of Reconstruction was obviously granting minimum of political and civil rights to the ex-slave, though white supremacy supporters were dour in th eir desire to ruin this advance. In the situations when it was impossible to use frightening and terror, ex-slaves were under the ruthless economical oppression by landowners and merchants. Ex-slaves were little by little loosing their influence during voting. Although it all this was obvious the Northern Radical Republicans seemed to be tired of the everlasting fight for protecting ex-slaves. Moreover the Northern whites supported the Southern draw bigotry. Thus the North begun to give preference to peace rather than justice. industrialists were expanding their businesses rapidly, and they wanted the South to be pacified, so that it would be a safe area for investment and expansion. If this meant returning power to white conservatives, they were willing to pay the price (Burns 11). The election of president in 1876 outgrew into mess. The South agreed to uphold Republican convert totally in the case of withdrawing the troops and renewing home rule. Thus having become President B . Hayes claimed that if the Southern whites were let alone, they would be to handle ex-slaves conscientiously. Hayes seemed unaware that men could be educated, civilized, and claim to be Christians piece of music at the same time behaving as bigots and racists (Burns 14). In order to content the voracious North and the Hayes interred the residues of Reconstruction. At the end of his term Southern white conservatives absolutely retook earlier lost positions.From the full stop of view of American transition lets also consider an issue of technical changes which accelerated the development of the join States in the late 19th century. These changes included a wave of inventions bringing new interlocking inwardness of transportation, new power sources, new materials, mass production of consumer goods, advances in industrial chemistry, and innovative modes of production (Burns 42). to a fault this revolution resulted in various economic and social changes in the USA like new modes of attention and organizational forms.Inventor-entrepreneurs, and among them was Thomas Edison, Elmer Sperry, Lee De Forrest, formed a direction of inventive activity which initiated the Second Industrial Revolution. In 1896 a writer in the Scientific American referring to the remarkable outpouring of U.S. patents since the Civil War, tumultuously insisted that his was an epoch of invention and progress unique in the history of the world (Burns 39).

New Hire Mismanagement Essay Example for Free

New Hire Mis trouble EssayWhen accepting the position of a Campus Recruiter for ABC, Inc., there were specific tasks and expectations that go along with the job title. The specific tasks were explained however, due to the improper planning and low-down execution, the individual failed to deliver what was outlined in the job title. This paper testament explain the failures due to improper planning, lack of have intercourse and poor time management skills. Furthermore, beas that will be outlined from this case have will include various detailed causes as well as different solutions to establish the recruiting incision and prevent any but weaknesses. BackgroundIn early April, Carl Robins, was new(a) to the human resources department of ABC, Inc. The integrated Human Resources Recruiter will play a searing role in ensuring we are hiring the best thinkable talent (Nourse, 2013). Mr. Robbins had taken on the take uped task of hiring 15 individuals, which would work for th e Operations Supervisor, Monica Carrolls. This recruiting position is responsible for(p) for selecting proper candidates, collecting proper identification and various paperwork such as a resume, application, transcripts and payroll touch on information. A background block, drug screen and a new hire physical must besides be performed prior to anyone starting.In addition to the proper processing of the new hires, Mr. Robbins as well is responsible for schedule the new hire orientation and providing the proper materials such as the manuals, policy booklets and breeding track downs. In this case, Mr. Robbins had al set up advised the new hires of the required orientation on June 15th. The lack of experience and follow through, along with shillyshally was a large factor in completing the tasks set forth for the recruiting position. Mr. Robbins was feeling overwhelmed and began to panic, due to the identification that the needed workforce would non be ready for Monica Carroll, as he previously check intod. The failures will yield several people and cause the operations department to non have the new additions to their team and be ready to move forward.Key ProblemsThere are numerous key problems with this case. Mr. Robinss lack of experience as well as, poor communication and planning from the beginning, caused the situation to spiral, making the end result in complete failure. An incompetent and poorly functioning human resources department reflects the overall state of affairs of an memorial tablet and its possible uncompetitive position in the marketplace (Dutta, 2013).Carl Robbins started the hiring process accurately. He conquestfully hired 15 individuals however, without creating a new hire protocol, several items were missed. Furthermore, Mr. Robins seemed to be completely focused on the fact that he was able to fill the needed positions and impressing the operations supervisor, he failed to follow through from the beginning. The inexperience may also be a factor however, he was hired as a recruiter and gained vi months of experience therefore, Mr. Robins knew what was expect of him.Procrastination plays a large role in the end result, as well. Carl did not immediately check with the training facility, even after receiving the call from Monica Carrolls. He waited more than 10 days to look at the training facility avail capacity. Procrastination, weather it was due to lack of experience or being overwhelmed, does not question in this case. The consequence remained the same, failure to complete the tasks by the needed time.In most cases, time management and procrastination go hand in hand however, Carl did not look at the specific tasks nor did he allot the appropriate time to get the job done by the specified time. Failure to all create a hiring protocol or follow the steps that should have been learned during his first six months of holdment, adds additional issues of concern. Being that this was Mr. Robins first rec ruiting effort, he failed to discuss, clarify or even have the steps that he had already taken reviewed with a fellow recruiting teammate to assure two himself and the recruiting department that the new hires will indeed be ready to start their positions in July. Many of the issues could have been avoided simply by doing investigate or asking for help.Developing a sufficient protocol or schedule is key however, it is commanding that the proper research on wait times for drug screens, background checks and pre-employment physicals is done so plan will go smoothly. It is critical to arrest that you have the proper tools and information to complete the required tasks. sound like any position or task assigned, organization is critical. Carl was moving forward without knowing incisively how the pieces of the puzzle were to be put together. The recruiter did not utilize the appropriate tools such as, database, spreadsheets or check lists to ensure proper completion of the hiring pro cess. Moreover, the recruiter did not set completion goals for for each one step to aid in this completion. Therefore, Carl did not see that there were numerous critical issues in the hiring process, which will not only affect the new hires, but will also cause delays for Monica Carroll and the operations department.AlternativesThere are several alternatives that may strengthen the human recourses (HR) department in the future however, will not fix the current issue at hand. Implementing a new hire protocol that clearly defines each step of the process. Utilizing tools such as, specialized software that can be directly accessed from the outsourced masking piece companies to deliver new hire physical information, drug screening and background check results. This will allow the recruiter to access the file and make sure that the candidate is ready to begin work or notify when there is an issue with that specific candidate.Another alternative would be to hire an assistant recruiter or administrative assistant to process paperwork as well as, scheduling training rooms and ordering new hire training manuals, etc. Other options to consider would be to outsource the entire hiring process by using an outside recruiting company or using an agency to employ all the individuals that work for ABC Inc. A recruiting company would minimize and allow the human resources department to change duties such as, conducting final interviews of the candidates that have been previously screened by the recruiting company. Complete outsourcing of all personnel or employee leasing is dear(p) however, it is another way to prevent cases like Carl Robbins, who failed to represent the companys professionalism, screen the new hires and bring up a new hire schedule. Employee leasing will remove all responsibilities of the employer including, candidate screening, payroll and benefits which would replace both the HR and payroll departments. Unfortunately, in doing this ABC, Inc. would no l onger be eligible for the tax credits that are given when a company hires welfare to work or Veterans. Another downfall would be losing the ability to solve an employment issue in-house.Proposed SolutionsThere are several proposed solutions mentioned in this case study. The most economic and immediate realistic solution would be to implement an outlined human resources protocol which would include, step by step policies and procedures to successfully start a new hire, creating a spreadsheet or a checklist to prevent critical errors and ensure that each steps are followed as well as, having detailed contact information for each company that is outsourced such as drug testing and pre-employment physicals and background checks. An important part of the protocol would be to have a new hire orientation packet saved on file so, when the need arises or the inventory gets low, the recruiter can order copies to be made in a timely fashion. The stay solution that would be outlined in the pro tocol would be to have the recruiter notate each complete or received paperwork on the checklist to ensure all the necessary paperwork and outsourced results are received. This outlined human resources guide and organizational tool would guide the recruiter into making sure all procedures and requirements are met.RecommendationsImplementing the protocols would be crucial to the success of the human resources department. A recruiter is just like a salesperson, this is where the first impression is made. If implemented correctly, this will assure hiring the right individuals, which in return will allow ABC, Inc., reach its fullest potential. In this case study, Carol Robbins was not organized. There were no protocols in place to prevent these errors. Furthermore, there was not any direct supervision. It is recommended that the music director of human resources, review the hiring process directly with Mr. Robbins and make clear written expectations on the job requirements. It is furth er recommended that a clear, step by step protocol be put into place preventing these issues from arising again. Lastly, it is critical for the charabanc of Human Resources to review all files before the file is completed and the new hire is scheduled for training. This shall proceed until Mr. Robbins clearly understands the policies and procedures.

Twayne’s Social Movements Essay Example for Free

Twaynes Social Movements EssayIntroduction It has oftentimes been said that the elaborate of all good authors atomic number 18 shaped by the times by dint of which they live, for with in the flesh(predicate) experience, the author is given the unique ability to temper even research of past events with their own trials and tribulations. much(prenominal) is the case when looking at the work of the controversial author Herbert Aptheker, whose unique historical perspective was influenced by his life experiences, policy-making beliefs, and the changing world around him. In this research, one of Apthekers pivotal works, Abolitionism A revolutionary Movement will be the focus, along with other works of his being considered to add learning to the research, as well as the events of the life of this controversial author himself. rootages Thesis Overall, Apthekers thesis, not only in this work but in more a(prenominal) others which he wrote in a very prolific career, is that sla ve labor is a key element which made it thinkable for the unify States to be able to reach the economic, military, and cultural heights that it did in less than a century from its foundation, and similarly that slaves made it possible for many people to become wealthy at the expense of people who apparently had no say in the matter. Therefore, Aptheker maintains, there is a level of reparation which the descendants of slaves are empower to receive. This thesis, it appears, has a substantial basis in the political beliefs of Herbert Aptheker himself.Further research into Aptheker the individual has indicated that he, by many accounts, was an avowed Marxist and Socialist, and these beliefs tempered his analysis of the practice of slaveholding, its abolition, and the firm belief that while slaves contributed a corking deal to the advancement of American society, those who were slaves of course did not receive their fair share of the fruits of their labors, and that slaves had a not bad(p) deal to a greater extent potential to realize than what they did in their slave roles, and of course in many cases fulfill their greatest potential only after being freed from the bondage of slavery itself. Apthekers thesis makes more sense, in fact, when it is compared to the ideas of Marxism, which likewise proclaims that those who are enslaved by the wealthy in society must in fact rise up and claim their own rightful piece of the fruits of labor, lest they be crushed under the feet of those who would exercising them for their muscle and effort, without providing them with just compensation for the amount of work they have put in to whatever they are doing. Book Summary Abolitionism is as unique a track record as was the author that wrote it. Overall, what the book succeeds in doing is to overturn all of the conventional myths close to the practice of slavery in the early southern united States from several different perspectives. To begin, Aptheker repugns the myth that all of the people who lived in the southern coupled States in the years prior to the American Civil War were all strongly in favor of slavery.Rather, Aptheker maintains in the book, those establish supported slavery in the south were essentially those who were able to benefit fiscally from the practice of slavery itself, such as the plantation owners who used huge numbers of slave laborers in order to reserve for the harvesting of crops in efficient and inexpensive ways, thereby maximizing profits (Aptheker). Moving forward in Apthekers book, he then challenges the assertion that those who fought for the Confederate States of America during the Civil War were all pro-slavery. Rather, Aptheker maintains, many of these individuals were either interested in maintaining freedom from what they saw as an increasingly oppressive federal government, or simply to protect their homes and families from the invading armies of the north.Therefore, these were not slavery supporter s but were simply doing what most people would do in a similar situation-protect their land and loved ones. Additionally, the author in like manner makes it clear that freed slaves could, and did, contribute a great deal to the political climate of the United States, and were in fact highly regarded by whites, thereby totally debunking the myth that once a slave, always seen as a slave by others (Aptheker). Ultimately, having defeated many of the myths of American slavery, Aptheker moves forward with his discussion of Abolitionism by discussing how the slave labor of the early United States in fact helped to build up the early United States, and since this progress would not have been possible without slaves, these same slaves, or more correctly the descendants of these slaves, are in fact entitled to financial reparations in a way of compensating them for the hardships inflicted upon them at the hands of slave owners (Aptheker). Overall, what one sees in reviewing Apthekers book i s a challenging of the misconceptions about slavery, the fight against slavery, and the aftermath. As was mentioned in earlier portions of this research, the authors theories expect to have been shaped as much by his life experience and political leanings as anything.How the Author Wrote the Book It was stated earlier in the research that Aptheker seems to have relied heavily on his life experiences and political opinions in the make-up of Abolitionism, and this is a more reliable fact when the book is looked at in a much closer manner. Beyond this, Aptheker also utilized historical material in the form of elemental materials to form the foundation of his book. There is also something much more important that Aptheker used in the writing of this particular book which makes it all the more unique and compelling.This book was written in the final years of Apthekers life- a life which led him to study the human condition, write and lecture on it extensively, and intrepidly state hi s opinions on the topic, many times to his own disadvantage. What this has done, however, is allowed an insight that very few authors could ever achieve, and this comes through in this, and many other works of Apthekers.An Opinion of the Book In one humble opinion, found on research, Apthekers book is a well researched, eye-opening work, as long as the reader keeps in mind that the author has a very specific political slant in writing it. However, it must also be noted that the researcher was impressed by the fact that this book was able to challenge myths that are based on only a few opinions, and that Aptheker took the chance of using established research, advance(a) political theory, and logical conclusions to put together not only an historic work of research, but also insightful social commentary.Conclusion In this research, a controversial man and his insightful book about a controversial topic have been discussed and analyzed. More importantly, however, it seems that in the final analysis, Herbert Aptheker and his vast body of work have forced all of us to take a closer look at ourselves. displace aside what some would consider to be Apthekers questionable political beliefs, what we see when looking at the man and his work with a healthy dose of tolerance and respect for his point of view is a man who understood all too well the depths to which the human mind can plummet in pursuit of its own goals, how innocent people can be hurt in the process, and also how the conflict against the establishment has taken place in the past and must continue in the future. In conclusion, possibly this is Apthekers most lasting legacy.

Islamophobia Essay Example for Free

Islamophobia EssayIslamophobia is controversy term that refers to perjudice and discrimination of Islam and muslim. It become more popular aft(prenominal) charge of 11/9. Now, ill tell you about 11/9 issues, which is the series of 4 suicided attack organised by Al-Qaeda on the United states in 11 of september 2001. In that morning, 19 al-qaedas seized four passengers jet. And the hijackers intention onlyy crassh the 2 plane into PWTC in city of newyork. Thus, this tragedy had killed all passengers and most of the workers in the building involved. Both of towers collapsed within 2hours. Suspicion quickly fell on the infrastructures leader which is Osama bin Laden at that time. As we know that alQaeda such a muslims organization. base on what had happened to ameri fr cardinaler in this tragedy made the outsiders phobia to Islam and think that Islam suched a terrorist religion. I can give you one opinion of a British journalis in the indipendent, Johan Harry.He argues that aut hentic Islamophobia exist and lie down of the nation that is a uniquely evil religon, more definitly war, like a fanantical than cristianity or budism or others. For more clear, let me tell you about a hindustan movies My Name Is Khan and Im sure close to of you have heard about this movie. The story about Rizwan Khan charactered by Shah Rukh Khan which is a sindrom Asperger. Hes meet his love in america state with a widow, mandira who is have a son named Sam. When they decided to married. Names of Sam should be change to Sameer Khan. And the name of khan create a prejudice Islam-christian. Until sameer Khan had been killed at the middle of the field in america by his friends. This is clearly shown the feelings of stimulate in american until they have to killed their own friends. In 1997 the British RunnymedeTrust defined that Islamophobia is as dread and wickedness of Islam and let to the fear and dislike of all muslims.Stating that it also refers to the practise of discriminat ing againts muslims by excluding them from economic, social, pilitics and public purport of the nation. It includes the perception that Islam has no values in common with other cultures is interior to the west and also is untrained political ideology rather than a religion. The Runnymede report contrasted open and closed views of Islam, and stated that the following eight closed views are equated with Islamophobia 1. Islam is seen as a monolithic bloc, static and unresponsive to change. 2. It is seen as separate and other. It does non have values in common with other cultures, is not affected by them and does not define them. 3. It isseen as inferior to the West. It is seen as barbaric, irrational, primitive, and sexist 4. It is seen as violent, aggressive, threatening, supportive of terrorism, and engaged in a smash of civilizations.

Managed Care Organization Essay Example for Free

Managed C ar Organization shewUSLegal.comA managed c atomic number 18 organisation (MCO) is a health finagle fork upr or a stem or organization of aesculapian assistant providers who offers managed flush health plans. It is a health organization that contracts with insurers or self-insured employers and finances and delivers health c atomic number 18 using a specific provider mesh topology and specific work and products. They provide a wide variety of fictitious character and managed health alimony go to enrolled workers keeping medical costs down by dint of preventative medicine, patient education, and in separate ways. These organizations atomic number 18 certified by the director of the Department of Consumer and Business service (DCBS). MCOs vary in their constitution as some organizations are made of docs, while others are combinations of mendeleviums, hospitals, and other providers. For instance, a group practice without w every last(predicate)s, free pra ctice association, trouble service organization, and a physician practice caution company are the jet MCOs. Patient embolden FoundationProviders of care, such(prenominal) as hospitals, physicians, laboratories, clinics, etc., make up a managed care organization delivery placement often cognize as an MCO. Seven common MCO models are1. Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) An sight whereby a third-party payer (health plan) contracts with a group of medical-care providers who furnish go at agreed-upon rates in fall down for prompt hire and a certain volume of patients, perhaps under contract with a hugger-mugger insurer. The services whitethorn be furnished at discounted rates, and the insured population may incur due expenses for c everyplaceed services received outside the PPO if the outside charge exceeds the PPO payment rate.2. Point-of-Service Plan (POS) in like manner known as an open-ended health maintenance organization, POS plans encourage, but do non require, constituents to choose a primary care physician. As in traditional HMOs, the primary care physician may act as a doorkeeper when making referrals plan parts may, however, opt to visit out-of-network providers at their discretion. Subscribers choosing not to use a network physician must pay higher deductibles and co-payments than those using network physicians.3. Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO) Anetwork of providers that have agreed to provide services on a discounted basis. Enrollees typically do not assume referrals for services from network providers (including specialists), but if a patient elects to seek care outside of the network, then he or she will not be reimbursed for the cost of the treatment. An EPO typically does not provide the preventive do goods and select assurance monitor.4. Physician- hospital Organization (PHO) A contracted arrangement among physicians and hospital wherein a single entity, the Physician Hospital Organization, contracts to provide servi ces to insurers subscribers.5. Individual Practice Association (IPA) A formal organization of physicians or other providers through which they may enter into contractual relationships with health plans or employers to provide certain makes or services.6. Managed restitution Program A program in which the insurer pays for the cost of covered services after services have been rendered and uses various tools to monitor cost-effectiveness, such as precertification, second surgical opinion, case management, and utilization review. Also called managed fee-for-service programs.7. Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) HMOs offer prepaid, spaciotemporal health coverage for both hospital and physician services. An HMO contracts with health care providers, e.g., physicians, hospitals, and other health professionals, and members are required to use participating providers for all health services. Model types include staff, group practice, network, and IPA. They differ in their financial and organizational arrangements between the HMO and its physicians. Some HMOs combine various attributes of the four principal models.WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICESWhen a soul decides to enroll in Family anguish, they become a member of a managed care organization (MCO). MCOs operate the Family tuition program and provide or coordinate services in the Family dole out proceeds. The Family sustainment benefit combines funding and services from a variety of existing programs into one flexible long care benefit, tailored to individually individuals needs, circumstances and preferences. View a list of items covered in the Family sustainment benefit package.In order to assure access to services, MCOs develop and manage a general network of long-term care services and restrain, either through purchase of service contracts with providers, or bydirect service provision by MCO employees. MCOs are responsible for assuring and continually improving the quality of care and serv ices consumers receive. MCOs receive a per person per month payment to manage care for their members, who may be dungeon in their own homes, group liveliness situations, or nursing facilities.Some highlights of the Family Care benefit areWhen a person decides to enroll in Family Care, they become a member of a managed care organization (MCO). MCOs operate the Family Care program and provide or coordinate services in the Family Care benefit. The Family Care benefit combines funding and services from a variety of existing programs into one flexible long-term care benefit, tailored to each individuals needs, circumstances and preferences. View a list of items covered in the Family Care benefit package.In order to assure access to services, MCOs develop and manage a comprehensive network of long-term care services and support, either through purchase of service contracts with providers, or by direct service provision by MCO employees. MCOs are responsible for assuring and continually i mproving the quality of care and services consumers receive. MCOs receive a per person per month payment to manage care for their members, who may be living in their own homes, group living situations, or nursing facilities.Some highlights of the Family Care benefit are volume Receive Services Where They Live. MCO members receive Family Care services where they live, which may be in their own home or supported apartment, or in alternate(a) residential settings such as Residential Care Apartment Complexes, Community-Based Residential Facilities, Adult Family Homes, Nursing Homes, or Intermediate Care Facilities for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. People Receive Interdisciplinary Case Management. Each member has support from an interdisciplinary squad that consists of, at a minimum, a social worker/care manager and a Registered Nurse. another(prenominal) professionals, as appropriate, as well as come in as members of the interdisciplinary team.The interdisciplinary te am conducts a comprehensiveassessment of the members needs, abilities, preferences and values with the consumer and his or her representative, if any. The assessment looks at areas such as activities of fooling living, physical health, nutrition, liberty and self-determination, communication, and mental health and cognition. People Participate in Determining the Services They Receive. Members or their authorized representatives ready an active role with the interdisciplinary team in developing their care plans. MCOs provide support and study to assure members are making informed decisions about their needs and the services they receive. Members may to a fault participate in the Self-Directed Supports component of Family Care, in which they have increased control over their long-term care budgets and providers.People Receive Family Care Services that IncludeLong-Term Care Services that have traditionally been part of the Medicaid Waiver programs or the Community Options Program. These include services such as adult solar day care, home modifications, home delivered meals and supportive home care. Health Care Services that support bulk reach out their long-term care outcomes. These services include home health, skilled nursing, mental health services, and occupational, physical and mother tongue therapy. For Medicaid recipients, health care services not included in Family Care are available through the Medicaid fee-for-service program. People Receive Help Coordinating Their Primary Health Care. In sum total to assuring that pack get the health and long-term care services in the Family Care benefit package, the MCO interdisciplinary teams also back up members coordinate all their health care, including, if needed, parcel members get to and communicate with their physicians and helping them manage their treatments and medications.People Receive Services to Help Achieve Their Employment Objectives. Services such as daily living skills training, day tre atment, pre-vocational services and supported employment are included in the Family Care benefit package. Other Family Care services such as transportation and personal care also help people meet their employment goals. People Receive the Services that Best Achieve Their Outcomes. The MCO is not restricted to providing all the specific services listed in the Family Care benefit package. The MCO interdisciplinary care management team and the member may decide that other services, treatments or supports aremore likely to help the member pass his or her outcomes, and the MCO would then authorize those services in the members care plan. For a get it on list of the services that must be offered by MCOs, refer to the description of the long-term care benefit package in the Health and Community Supports Contract.People Receive Services Where They Live. MCO members receive Family Care services where they live, which may be in their own home or supported apartment, or in alternative resid ential settings such as Residential Care Apartment Complexes, Community-Based Residential Facilities, Adult Family Homes, Nursing Homes, or Intermediate Care Facilities for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. People Receive Interdisciplinary Case Management. Each member has support from an interdisciplinary team that consists of, at a minimum, a social worker/care manager and a Registered Nurse. Other professionals, as appropriate, also participate as members of the interdisciplinary team. The interdisciplinary team conducts a comprehensive assessment of the members needs, abilities, preferences and values with the consumer and his or her representative, if any.The assessment looks at areas such as activities of daily living, physical health, nutrition, autonomy and self-determination, communication, and mental health and cognition. People Participate in Determining the Services They Receive. Members or their authorized representatives take an active role with the interdisci plinary team in developing their care plans. MCOs provide support and information to assure members are making informed decisions about their needs and the services they receive. Members may also participate in the Self-Directed Supports component of Family Care, in which they have increased control over their long-term care budgets and providers.People Receive Family Care Services that IncludeLong-Term Care Services that have traditionally been part of the Medicaid Waiver programs or the Community Options Program. These include services such as adult day care, home modifications, home delivered meals and supportive home care. Health Care Services that help people achieve their long-term care outcomes. These services include home health, skilled nursing, mental health services, and occupational, physical and speech therapy. For Medicaid recipients, health care services not included in Family Care are available through the Medicaid fee-for-service program.People Receive Help Coordina ting Their Primary Health Care. In addition to assuring that people get the health and long-term care services in the Family Care benefit package, the MCO interdisciplinary teams also help members coordinate all their health care, including, if needed, helping members get to and communicate with their physicians and helping them manage their treatments and medications. People Receive Services to Help Achieve Their Employment Objectives. Services such as daily living skills training, day treatment, pre-vocational services and supported employment are included in the Family Care benefit package. Other Family Care services such as transportation and personal care also help people meet their employment goals. People Receive the Services that Best Achieve Their Outcomes. The MCO is not restricted to providing only the specific services listed in the Family Care benefit package.The MCO interdisciplinary care management team and the member may decide that other services, treatments or supp orts are more likely to help the member achieve his or her outcomes, and the MCO would then authorize those services in the members care plan. For a complete list of the services that must be offered by MCOs, refer to the description of the long-term care benefit package in the Health and Community Supports Contract. A managed care organization (MCO) is a health care provider or a group of association of medical examination providers who proposes everlasting(a) health plans. It is a health group that bonds with insurers or self-insured employers and funds and provides health care by room of a definite provider system and precise facilities and products. An MCO is an insurer that delivers both healthcare amenities and payment on behalf of services.They offer a comprehensive range of quality and managed health care services to the coupled employees by keeping medical charges down through preventive medicine, patient teaching, and in additional ways. These organizations are certified by the director of the Department of Consumer and Business Services (DCBS). MCOs vary in their constitution as some organizations are made of physicians, while others are combinations of physicians, hospitals, and other providers. For instance, a group practice without walls, independent practice association, management services organization, and a physician practice management company are the common MCOs.

Mokshagundam Vishveshwariah Essay Example for Free

Mokshagundam Vishveshwariah EssayMokshagundam Vishveshwariah, KCIE,, (popularly known as Sir MV 15 September 1860 14 April 1962 was a renowned Indian orchestrate, scholar, statesman and the Diwan of Mysore during 1912 to 1918. He was a recipient of the Indian Re generals highest honor, the Bharat Ratna, in 1955. He was knighted as a Commander of the British Indian Empire by King George V for his myriad contributions to the public good. Every year, 15 September is celebrated as Engineers Day in India in his memory. He is held in high regard as a pre-eminent engineer of India. see morebangalore essayHe was the old-timer designer of the flood protection organisation for the city of Hyderabad, as well as the chief engineer responsible for the construction of the Krishna Raja Sagara dam in Mysore. He is also revered a banding in the state of Karnataka. Sir MV was born in 1861 in a Telugu Brahmin family to Mokshagundam Srinivasa Shastry and Venkatalakshmamma in Muddenahalli villa ge, 40 miles from Bangalore, India. Their family migrated from Mokshagundam village in Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh. His father was a Sanskrit scholar and an authority on Hindu Dharmashastras (theology), besides being an Ayurvedic practitioner.Visvesvaraya lost his father at the age of 15. He enrolled for primary school in Chikballapur and attended high school in Bangalore. He earned his Bachelor of Arts from Central College,Bangalore machine-accessible to Madras University in 1881 and later studied civil engineering at the prestigious College of Engineering, Pune, popularly known as CoEP. Upon graduating as an engineer, Visvesvaraya took up a job with the Public Works Department (PWD) of Mumbai and was later invited to join the Indian Irrigation Commission.He implemented an extremely intricate system of irrigation in the Deccan area. He also designed and secure a system of automatic weir water flood furnish that were first installed in 1903 at the Khadakvasla Reservoir nea r Pune. These gates were employed to raise the flood supply level of storage in the reservoir to the highest level potential to be attained by a flood without causing any damage to the dam. Based on the success of these gates, the same system was installed at the Tigra Dam in Gwalior and the Krishna Raja Sagara (KRS) Dam in Mandya/ Mysore,Karnataka.In 1906-07, the Government of India sent him to Eden, Africa to study water supply and drainage system and the project prepared by him was implemented in Edendisambiguation needed successfully. Visvesvaraya achieved celebrity status when he designed a flood protection system for the city of Hyderabad. He was slavish in developing a system to protect Visakhapatnam port from ocean erosion. Visvesvaraya supervised the construction of the KRS Dam across the Cauvery River from concept to inauguration. This dam created the biggest reservoir in Asia when it was built.He was right called the Father of modern Mysore state (now Karnataka) During his period of service with the Government of Mysore state, he was responsible for the founding of, (under the trade wind of Mysore Government), the Mysore Soap Factory, the Parasitoide Laboratory, the Mysore Iron Steel Works (now known as Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Limited) in Bhadravathi, the Sri Jayachamarajendra engineering school Institute, the Bangalore Agricultural University, the State Bank of Mysore, The Century Club, Mysore Chambers of Commerce and numerous other industrial ventures.He encouraged private investment in industry during his tenure as Diwan of Mysore. He was instrumental in charting out the plan for road construction between Tirumala and Tirupati. He was known for sincerity, time prudence and dedication to a cause.

Essay on Act III of the Crucible Essay Example for Free

Essay on transaction triad of the crucible EssayIn the play The Crucible Arthur Miller creates a successful dramatic mop up at the end of Act III. Integral to this success is Millers continued engagement with the hearing. The principal reason wherefore the climax is so dramatic and suspenseful is because the reference is involved with what is happening on pegleg. Throughout The Crucible Miller has achieved a coercive relationship with the audience both on an emotional and intellectual level. The audience in Act III continue to nourish an understanding of the personalities of the characters and an insight into their behaviour and how they react in different circumstances. In Act III the audience maintains a deep emotional relationship with the characters. They append to despise certain characters such as Abigail who is exemplified as remorseful, untruthful and vengeful. In severalize the audience develops a more empathic relationship with some characters such as Elizab eth monitor and Mary Warren. The context of Act III within the play lies just aft(prenominal) the incarceration of several villagers on the alleged charges of witchery including the wives of three esteemed men within the village John Proctor, Francis Nurse and Giles Corey. The driving plot source of Act III is these three mens attempt to redeem their wives a expositicular focus is on Proctors struggle. offend of Millers dramatic success is attributed to the authority he is able to manipulate the historic and social context.The historical context of the play is a theocratic Puritan settlement in 1692 in the Massachusetts. The theocracy is a significant part of the play as it leads to mounting frustration for the audience and it is the basis to the plot Miller too uses the theocracy in Salem to convey an important message about Millers own social setting in mid-fifties America. When Miller was writing the play he was living in a society where McCarthyism was prevalent. The p laywright in The Crucible particularly in Act III is conveying how McCarthyism is u blunderg communism as a false pretence to hunt down McCarthys enemies in the same way that Salem is using the feigning of witchcraft to rid themselves of threats or adversaries. Perhaps Miller is illustrating to the contemporary audience that the hysteria and difficulties of theocracy are strikingly similar to McCarthyism.An important part of the success towards the end of Act III are Millers stage directions they cut into a vivid instruction to the actors of how to portray to the audience the emotions felt by the characters. Miller begins the mise en scene on a remarkably dramatic moment Proctor becomes enraged when Abigail attempts to visit Heaven. Proctor cries How dare you call Heaven Whore Whore in this historical context the word whore has significantly powerful connotations with what the society would reveal as evil and sin. The characters on stage react to this in an expected way Danfort h appears to be confused and horrified and is shouting at Proctor Man Man, what do you-we can see how severe the potential charge of whore could be.When Proctor attempts to justify this charge he is shown on stage as trembling and petrified he shouts I confuse known her, sir, I have known her this take a hop of biblical terminology shows the absolute control theocracy has upon Salem and how language from the account book has managed to integrate into everyday language. The audience can see the impact and power of this scene by the emotion and wooly-minded reactions of others. Following this scene of commotion Miller creates a relatively calm scene, Proctors anxiety turns into confidence as he is accepted his wife is able to verify his claims ,my wife cannot lie. Abigail, although not revealing much with speech, she is portrayed in contrast as enraged to the audience.Upon Elizabeth Proctors entry, there is a situation of suspense and importance, the audience can tell this becaus e Elizabeth sees Proctor with his back turned which conveys to the audience it is a suspenseful moment and she is ordered by the Deputy-Governor to Look at me only. The audience can see the initial impact this has upon her as she appears weak and confused. The scene escalates in tenseness and a tremendous amount of pressure is creation put upon her. Elizabeth is clearly fearful of the situation and the actual implications of her testimony as she uses vague descriptions such as dissatisfied and she repeatedly states her husband is a wakeless and righteous man. Elizabeth is intimidated by Danforth, at several times during her interrogation Goody Proctor attempts to intent at her husband and he shouts at her woman, look at meThe use of this phrase shows a disparaging attitude towards women that was prevalent during this period of history. During Elizabeths questioning Danforth uses violence against her he holds her face and she is portrayed to the audience as full of agony and t he clear impacts of the stress being put upon her. When Elizabeth is eventually shouted at Is your husband a lecher? she replies no and she is removed from the courtroom.This enrages the audience how Elizabeths answer which has essentially been forced out of her after being interrogated and not for a second been reconsidered. Empathy is also felt for Elizabeth because of the difficulty of the situation that has been forced upon her. The vexation felt between the Proctors is evident here Elizabeth has lied putting her life at risk in order to save her husbands name, Proctor then shouts, she only thought to save my name in desperation to save his wife. This devotion towards each other contrasts with the beginning of Act II where there was a intellect of awkwardness between the couple.Following Good Wife Proctors ejection from the court-room, The Reverend unscathed makes a ardent speech declaring his objection to the situation, I may shut my conscience to this no more- private veng eance is on the job(p) through this testimony. Miller perhaps uses Hale in this situation to represent the audiences opinion on stage, Hale is finally able to see clearly what is going on, and the audience is relieved that the lies of Abigail may be exposed.moreover there is a prospect of hope as Hale could possibly lead the demise of Abigail he cries This girl has always struck me as false. Once Abigail is under pressure and she is at risk of being undermined she is able to control the situation by creating an imaginary scene. Abigail lets out a loud chilling cry, which would have tremendous impact on the audience and stunned both the other characters and perhaps the audience also into silence. Abigail and the symmetry of the girls pretend that Mary Warren has shape shifted into a yellow bird which would have bewildered an audience.The girls are described as transfixed and hypnotized (upon the bird) showing how convincing their performance must have been. During Abigails genuine conservation with the bird she says But God made my face Maryenvy is a deadly sin Millers use of the word sin perhaps implies that Abigail is appealing to Danforth by making her language correspond to the Bible also by using the term sin Abigail makes Mary appear more sinister to the rest of the characters on stage and make her appear to be associated to the devil. The girls mimicking of Mary has a remarkable impact upon the strain and pace of the scene, all the shouting between Mary and the girls adds to the drama and builds up excitement in the scene .The audience becomes horrified at the situation, with Abigails power and dominance she is able to shift the accusations from her to an innocent which must force back the audience. Compassion is felt towards Mary because of the horrendous situation she is put in. It seems Millers original impression of the girls as pitiless appears to be fulfilled during these scenes.

The portrayal of the family in The Simpsons Essay Example for Free

The portrayal of the family in The Simpsons EssayIn the majority of episodes of The Simpsons, the plots are similar in the respect that one or more family members are involved in a predicament that always has a comical element, and involves Homer Simpson saying Doh . The plots are more often than not character driven, for example, in the episode Brother Where Art Thou? Homer Simpson finds out that he has a half brother that he never knew. Homer then embarks on a journey to find him, when he does he discovers that his brother is a millionaire. In the end, he ma slutes to bankrupt his long lost brother, and they part ways on bad terms. The of import character in that peculiar(prenominal) episode is Homer in the episode Lisas Pony, the central character is Lisa. plain though the plots are always similar, the resolutions differ so that the witnesser is kept interest in the series. To say that the Simpsons are a stereotypical nuclear family would be a dubious statement. They completely view as their own personalities, which have elements of certain stereotypes, but not enough of one in particular to dominate the others in their personality.Homer Simpson is a beer drinking couch potato who likes nothing more than to celebrate the football game on the television. glycerol trimargarate Simpson is a maternal housewife and a possible nag of the family. Contrary to the point I previously made, I think that the children in the family are stereotyped Bart, who is the Dennis the peril nuisance and underachiever, Lisa whos intelligence is far greater than anyone elses in the family, and Maggie, who never speaks, but still man sequences to indulge herself in a little mischief.By the writers using stereotypes in the programme, they make it easier for people to relate to the characters, and enable the viewer to understand the plot more. For example in the episode Barts Dog Gets Out, Santas Little Helper (i. e. the dog) escapes, and Barts first thought is to ge t out and find him. With Homer, he would probably propose getting a new one, or discourage his family from looking for him. The relationships in The Simpsons are not stereotypical because that would make the programme less comical.Even in the opening sequence however, we still get an indication of the type of characters they are. Marge has a difficult relationships with Maggie, and we see them rushing from shopping, which shows Marges role as the housewife. We see Bart in school writing lines on a calamitousboard, and then weaving in and out of pedestrians in his rush to get home this shows that he is troublesome at school, but also virtually carefree. Lisa is playing in the school band, but then breaks off, and is sent out, seemingly because she plays too well for the rest of the class to keep up this illustrates her talent.She also rides a bicycle, which one could argue, means that she is a conservative person, which she is. Homer races off from work, and in doing so ends up wit h a glowing radioactive rod in the back of his radiation suit, which shows he is both careless, and lacks common sense. I think that the show itself is aimed at younger audiences, for example teenagers and young adults because the programme has some unrealistic features much(prenominal) as the Simpsons undress colour and the fact that they have four fingers. Although the programme has other cultures (i. e.Indians and Black people), the master(prenominal) family, which are the Simpsons, have color as a skin colour. Their skin colour can be argued whether it is realistic or unrealistic because, yellow may have been used because it is a aboriginal colour, and primary colours are attractive and eye catching, but on the other hand it may have a import which could be universal because it is neither black nor white. Using yellow as a skin colour makes it known to viewers that racism is ruled out and I believe that yellow is a good example for this because it is warm, bright and welco ming and this makes a good statement.Another argument could rotate that their skin colour is yellow because if they were to be a real life equivalent you would assume them to be Caucasian and so their skin is drawn as yellow to combat the idea of the common black or white situation. The fact that all the characters in The Simpsons have four fingers shows that they are all a unique and unified community despite age and race, this also makes a good statement. Both the skin colour and the four fingers are attractive to young viewers but they also have meaning to older viewers, and different parts of the show are aimed at different audiences.An example of this would be in the episode Lisas Pony it could be argued that it is aimed at younger children, especially girls. The episode Brother, Where Art Thou? would be aimed at the older audiences, especially men, but whatever the case it is possible for a variety of age groups to watch and enjoy the programme. The allusions in the show its elf prove to the audience that the show is up to date, and it gives the show a sharper angle of realism, which again would attract people to watch the show.An allusion from the look at E. T. was used in The Simpsons. The film E. T. is most known for the contact of alien and human with their finger touching each other. This was like a connection. This connection was seen when Lisa and her mother did the same thing. That one moment in The Simpsons held much meaning, it showed the personal relationship with Marge and Lisa, and Marges maternal and loving side. It also showed that Marge is a significant figure in Lisas life. This allusion can be very heart-warming for viewers to see.

The Removal of the Compulsory Retirement Age Essay Example for Free

The Removal of the supreme Retire handst Age EssayHowever, our retreat check system is in a transition phase, and some the flesh out of the miscellaneas be contained in the table below Age regulations and qualifications g everyplacening superannuation and social security systems 55 Age to which superannuation entitlements atomic number 18 compulsorily preserved. From suppurate 55, preserved superannuation wrenchs available upon l sensationliness. For people antique 55 to 60 ripen, Regulations under theSuperannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993(SIS regulations) define retirement as permanent wave withdrawal from the manpower.A phased increase in the superannuation preservation age to 60 is to begin in 2015 and allow run people born subsequently 30 June 1960. By 2025, people born after June 1964 go away be subject to a preservation age of 60 geezerhood. People aged 55 years and all over can entrance money a range of social security pensions and benefits dep final stageing on their circumstances, e. g. baulk Support Pension, Newstart Allowance, C atomic number 18r Pension and Widow Allowance. From September 1997, superannuation assets of those aged 55 and over were taken into chronicle under the income and assets tests after 9 months on income bide (pending legislation). 60 Under SIS Regulations, after age 60, retirement may be taken to have occurred upon cessation of a period of gainful purpose even if the person intends to incur in gainful engagement. Current exit age for ripen Age Allowance. 61 Womens current qualifying age for age pension. The age pension age for women is organism slowly increase to 65 over the next 17 years (r severallying 65 years in July 2013). 65 Mens qualifying age for age pension. 70From 1 July 1997 people were allowed to continue to contribute to a regulated superannuation fund up to age 70, provided they atomic number 18 gainfully engagemented for at least 10 hours per castweek over the y ear. http//wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_the_ channel way_compulsory_retirement_age_Australia http//www. alrc. gov. au/publications/2-recruitment-and-employment-law/compulsory-retirement Most people retire at 55 years or over. harmonize to theAustralian Bureau of Statistics, the fair age Australians intend to retire is 63 for men and 61 for women. selected retirement at 65 was made unlawful in South Australia in 1993. It is against the law to plunder faculty because of their age unless(prenominal) there is an occupational reason to be a certain age. Most staff cant be forced to retire because of age except * judges and magistrates must retire at 70 * Australian Defence Force personnel must retire at 65. The bonnie retirement age is probable to increase as we have an ageing population. More players leave alone move into retirement age and few will enter the labour market.As a result, there will be a shortage of workers. Governments and many employers are already trying to encourage workers to stay on long-run by offering assistance to old staff and options likephased retirement. You can defy your staff knightly retirement age by offeringphased retirement or flexible working conditions. http//www. eoc. sa. gov. au/eo- stock/employers/staffing/dismissing-retrenching-and-retiring-staff/retiring-staff/when-do-staf The likelihood of being retired increased with age.For those aged 45-49 years, just 5% were retired, compared to 16% of 55-59 year olds, 68% of 65-69 year olds and 87% of those aged 70 years and over. In 2010-11, 63% of men aged 45 years and over were in the labour force, 33% had retired, and 3% were non in the labour force but had non yet retired. In contrast, 50% of women aged 45 years and over were in the labour force, 39% had retired and the remaining 5% were not in the labour force but had not yet retired. The average age at retirement from the labour force for people aged 45 years and over in 2010-11 was 53. years (57. 9 years for men and 49. 6 years for women). Of the 1. 4 million men who had retired from the labour force 27% had retired aged less than 55 years 53% had retired aged 55-64 years and 20% had retired aged 65 years and over. The 1. 8 million women who had retired from the labour force had retired on average at a younger age than men. The ages at which women retirees had retired from the labour force were as follows 57% had retired aged less than 55 years 35% had retired aged 55-64 years and % had retired aged 65 years and over. Of the 2. 2 million retired people who had worked in the last 20 years, 94% had held a full- age job at some stage. For nearly three-quarters (72%) of those who held a full-time job, their last job held prior to retirement was full-time. The remainder worked temporary before retiring. http//www. abs. gov. au/ausstats/emailprotected nsf/Latestproducts/6238. 0Main%20Features1July%202010%20to%20June%202011? opendocument angstromtabname=Summaryampprodno=6238. 0ampissue=July%2 02010%20to%20June%202011ampnum=ampview= ttp//jobsearch. about. com/b/2013/03/08/too-old-to- put down-hired. htm In go on and discontinueing economies, ageing populations and low birth rates are emphasising the demand for retaining and sustaining competent sometime(a) workers. This paper examines human imagery and governmental insurance and practice implications from the impertinent accounts directed towards those workers aged over 44 years, who are usually classi? ed as honest-to-goodness workers. It focuses on a key and paradoxical impediment in the men retention of these workers.Using Australia as a case study, this paper argues that policies and practices to retain and sustain workers aged 45 or much need to de-emphasize the term elder workers and reconsider how human resource management and government policies, as considerably as practices by workers themselves, might pursue longer and more productive working lives for employees aged over 45. It seeks to plump out the paradox of the (under)valuing of previous(a) workers contributions and provides direction for retaining and supporting the ongoing employability of these workers.It concludes by proposing that government, industry bodies and sector councils that seek to change employer attitudes will likely require a dual process comprising twain engagement with sr. workers and a balanced appraisal of their worth. Alone, subsidies and/or mandation may swell up serve to entrench age bias without measures to correct that bias by dint of a systematic appraisal of their current and potential contributions. In addition, to support this mutation of bias and sustain their employability, old(a) workers will likely need to exercise great(p)er dominance in their work and learning.Quite consistently across international and national surveys, a pattern emerges of employers and managers holding senior(a) workers in low esteem which appears quite entrenched. Indeed, managers assessments of older workers are consistently negative, evidently irrespective of appraisals of their true performance (Rosen and Jerdee 1988). The register from studies across Europe and North America comm lone(prenominal) make known that employers are far more likely to fund the manoeuvering of the young and well educated, kinda than older workers (Brunello 2001 Brunello and Medio 2001 Giraud 2002).Truly, some Federal European countries adopt more compulsory attitudes towards and claim a strong sense of obligation to older workers as exercised through a set of national policies and practices (Bishop 1997 metalworker and Billett 2003). Yet, it is noteworthy that elsewhere the ways in which employers set apart and fund developmental opportunities for their employees, is resistant to legislated (Giraud 2002) and mandated measures (Bishop 1997).Instead, the privileging of youth (and perhaps never more so than when they stimulate a scarce commodity within ageing populations) is that which shapes employers decisionmaking about the distribution of sponsored workplace-based opportunities for learning. The multinational ledger of charitable Resource caution 1251This suggests that government intervention by pressing or subsidising employers to employ older workers will not be suf? cient, unless the attitude of employers can in some way be transformed. Australian studies of attitudes towards older workers report similar ? ndings to those inform elsewhere.One study concluded that regardless of the perceived more positive qualities of older workers , employers appear to prefer to recruit employees in the younger age stems for about employee categories with minimal engross in recruiting anyone over 45 years for any job and no preference for anyone 56 years or older (Steinberg, Donald, Najman and Skerman 1996, p. 157). Despite the increase recognition of the looming labour shortage at that time and quest it, much(prenominal) attitudes appear to have been slow to change. Y et, such(prenominal) attitudes are quite potent. Taylor and Walker (1998, p. 44) concluded that workplace perceptions about older workers (and different groups of older workers) may directly in? uence not only their candidates for gaining employment but similarly their prospects for development and advancement within an organisation. A 2003 guide by the problem Council of Australia (BCA) identi? ed numerous readily accepted negative stereotypes of mature-age workers, including their overleaping motivation and enthusiasm, being close-minded, more susceptible to injury and illness, having outdated skills, less capable, unwilling to take on new-fangled training or challenges, put on the line averse and having less potential for development (p. 2). Yet, the issues raised by the BCA (2003) pose dif? culties in generalising about employer attitudes and practices. In a telephone survey of some 1000 enterp fancy ups in the business services sector, which included computer, legal, sco re and employment services, Bittman, Flick and Rice (2001) instal no clear pattern of negative attitudes towards employing older workers. They claimed (p. vii) that contempt employers reputation for favouring younger, risk-taking innovators, the study revealed a preference for a diverse workforce of intelligent, reliable, team workers with industry rather than computing experience.However, Gringart, Helmes and Speelman (2005) claim the methodology used in that study did not allow respondents to consistently stereotype workers on the basis of age. Moreover, the business service sector may well be one of those better disposed to employing and supporting older workers than many others, as its work may be more age tolerant than others. Across a range of industries, a survey of 8000 Australian employers found the most proactive recruitment for mature age workers was in the ? ance sector (47% of ? rms), compared with only 32% in training technologies and 24% in telecommunications (Dear e 2006). This kind of difference indicates that employer attitudes are not uniform in their application or intensity, across industry sectors. For instance, in their 2001 study, Gringart and Helmes found that older female jobseekers were discriminated against more than males. Yet, 4 years later, the researchers (Gringart et al. 2005) found no signi? cant gender difference.They concluded rather baldly that the sample of 128 hiring decision makers in businesses of up to 50 employees was generally unlikely to hire older workers. These studies indicate that employer attitude is central not only to recruiting and retaining older workers, but also in advancing support for maintaining their employability through opportunities to further develop and make more widely the knowledge they have learnt. Indeed, Howell, Buttigieg and Webber (2006, p. ) concluded that senior managements support for variation and effective utilisation of older workers as fraction of the retail workforce resulted in age-positive practices by those managers who make do older workers. Nonetheless, in its own way, this kind of endorsement indicates, ? rstly, the importance of attitudes being premised on the basis of assured accounts of performance and not age bias and, secondly, that these attitudes can change. 1252 S. Billett et al. Such change in attitudes would need to be broadly applied across decision-making in businesses. For instance, the BCA (2003, p. 8) claimed that voluntary retirement is often seen as a workforce management tool, but that such policies are often based on age alto enamorher, and that consideration is not given to the employees skill and experience pro? les. The depth and pervasiveness of the employer discrimination against older workers are illustrated further in the BCAs (2003, p. 11) ? ndings which suggest that recruitment agencies may actually practise ageism when shortlisting applicants for their clients, a claim denied by the agencies (Hovenden 2004). Certainl y, some of these agencies promote mature age employment through their websites.One of them commissioned a report on the implications of the ageing population in the Australian workforce that described ageism as a fussyly insidious form of discrimination (Jorgensen 2004, p. 13). Recommending that employers compulsory to confront their own prejudices, Jorgensen also suggested (p. 13) that policy approaches that hatful with ageism also need to be carefully framed so as not to differentiate older workers, isolate younger workers or impose obligations on older workers who simply do not have the health or desire to continue in full time or part time employment.It follows from here that in the current social and ? nancial environments, speci? c and targeted policies and sustained initiatives are likely to be required to change attitudes about older workers occupational capacities and employability across their working lives. However, these initiatives will need to overcome a range of s ocietal and workplace barriers for the maximum retention of and full utilisation of these workers capacities. severalize barriers here include a societal preference of privileging youth over age across countries with advanced industrial economies.This preference manifests itself in workplace practices of not only favouring the employment of younger workers, but also directing far more resources towards their development than older workers, among other groups (Brunello 2001 Brunello and Medio 2001). These preferences seem powerful and enduring. Even evidence suggesting that older workers are as capable as other workers and have the very attributes employers claim to grade, seemingly fail to change managements views, i. e. f those who employ and make decisions about workers advancement and access to development opportunities. Some might argue that this preference will change as older workers become an increasingly common element of the workforce and a necessity for employers. Counte ring such a claim is the prospect that a scarcity of younger people may well lead to greater enterprise aspiration for and sponsorship of younger and well-educated workers and more intense resourcing of these workers and away from older workers.Moreover, despite the growing presence of older workers in the Australian workforce over the last 20 years, comminuted appears to have changed in basis of employer preference or workplace responses to their growing participation. Salient here is the comparison of older workers with women workers. Despite their increasing participation in the workforce, women workers across a range of national workforces have struggled to secure worthwhile work conditions, despite legislative arrangements associated with equal opportunity (Cavanagh 2008). Therefore, unless signi? ant changes occur in both the attitudes towards and Australian employers practices, older workers may well increasingly struggle to secure worthwhile work, and opportunities for th e development and advancement required to retain them in socially and economically vital work and improve their effectiveness in that work. Indeed, there are potentially strong negative consequences here. Consequences of negative employer attitudes and practices There are both personal and societal cost of employer attitudes and practices that discriminate unreasonably against older workers.These costs include the limits in range of The International Journal of valet Resource Management 1253employment options for these workers and dif? culties becoming employed. Indeed, a consequence of policies designed to promote a deregulated and ? exible labour market is the growing distinction between core sector jobs (good jobs that require high skills, offer mightily wages and provide bene? ts such as support for training and development) and peripheral sector jobs (dead end jobs that require few skills, offer poor wages and few bene? s, as well as little in the way of job security) (Kossen and Pedersen 2008, p. 5). Given such a bifurcation, the great risk is that older workers will be seen as only being employable in the peripheral sectors. This may well be particularly true for the range of options that are available for many older workers. Challenging the notion of meritocracy in the labour market, Kossen and Pedersen (2008, p. 6) cite research indicating that older workers who have been excluded from employment experience far greater dif? culty in rejoining the core orkforce. The point here is that older workers may have greater dif? culty securing worthwhile work when they re-enter the workforce. Indeed, the negative attitudes that older workers experience may well contribute to the widespread culture of early retirement in Australia (Encel 2003) in which workforce participation by those over 55 is considerably lower than in many other OECD countries (ABS 2007) as these workers fail to ? nd compressedingful employment, and withdraw from the labour market. A recr uiting agency (Adage, n. d. 1) concluded that mature age workers are more likely to experience the compounding effect of being out of the workforce resulting in being seen as less employable. Another agency inform that nearly three-quarters of 2000 baby boomers surveyed believed that it is nearly impossible to get a job after age 45 (Brinsden 2007). The studies cited to a higher place, along with a range of other research ? ndings (see OECD 2006a, 2006b Syed 2006 Kossen and Pedersen 2008) con? rm that age prejudice is alive and well in Australian workplaces, and likely play out most heavily on those who are currently out of employment.Consequently, a priority for policy is to ? nd ways of supporting unemployed older workers re-employment, and in worthwhile work, and ? nding ways of praising their worth that can transform the attitudes of their employers. Yet, others suggest that factors other than age alone play key roles in decision-making, particularly that such decisions are b ased on a business case, not on ageism. In an Equal Opportunity Commission seminar, Ranzijn (2005, p. 1) argued that in general, age discrimination is not a function of a negative attitude towards older workers, but based on an unquestioning cost/bene? analysis. The OECD (2006a, 2006b, p. 10) also noted that a dif? culty for employers with older workers is wages and non-wage labour costs that rise more steeply with age than productivity and also that there are shorter expected pay-back periods on investments in the training of older workers as well as their lower average educational attainment. Perhaps, because of such imperatives, Encel (2003, p. 4) warned that age discrimination is commonly covert and evasive and easily masked. Similarly, Bittman et al. (2001, p. 6) reported to an Australian nursing home of Representatives inquiry into older workers unemployment that the latter were consistently advised that they were over quali? ed for lower positions and under quali? ed for hig her positions. Whatever the reasons advanced by employers for not retaining or employing mature age workers, Ranzijn (2005, p. 8) pointed out that the ever-changing demographics of the workforce will inevitably mean that employers will have to resort to older workers in nightspot to maintain productivity, a point also made by the OECD (2006b) based on a multi-nation survey.However, such a pragmatic and expedient premise may not be the best one to hold with. Despite becoming increasingly infixed for the production of goods and services, older workers will continue to be seen as last resort workers at the bottom of employers preferred kind of workers (Quintrell 2000). Employees categorised in this way will often be a low priority for employer-sponsored development opportunities and support in the 1254 S. Billett et al. workplace (Billett and Smith 2003) of the kinds required to retain them and further develop their capacities.Hence, even if the government supports the re-employment of older workers, it is likely that within the workplaces the opportunities are still likely to be shaped by a cultural preference where youth is championed and privileged, and where age is seen as a natural decline (Giddens 1997). Therefore, older workers cannot be con? dent of being afforded the kinds of employer support required to maintain their workplace competence and successfully do work transitions.Moreover, given the privileging of youth, it is unlikely that older workers will make demands for employer-funded training, lest they reinforce the sentiment of being a liability. Analogously, Church (2004) refers to disabled workers who have particular needs for support, yet are strategic and cautious in their demands for workplace support, including that from their co-workers, lest they be seen as liabilities in cost-conscious work environments. Nevertheless, the widely held view among employers that older workers are less able and in? xible, and offer peculiar(a) return on d evelopmental opportunities is questioned by data arising from informants with direct experience of these workers. McIntosh (2001), for instance, notes that enterprises actually employing older workers take to be their contributions in quite distinct ways survey responses of nearly 400 American employers and human resource development managers characterised older workers as (a) being ? exible and open to change, (b) having up-to-date skills, (c) interested in learning new tasks and (d) willing to take on challenging tasks.Furthermore, 68% of the respondents concluded that training older workers costs less or the same as training their younger counterparts 57% reported that age does not affect the amount of time required to train an employee (14% disagreed) and 49% believed that older workers grasp new concepts as well as younger workers (18% disagreed). In all, this survey portrays older workers as ideal employees, which confounds the sentiment behind practices that distribute emplo yer-funded support away from these workers.The exercise of this sentiment may also re? ect the contradictory and misidentify discourse that many older workers experience and try to understand in the workplace they are essential to maintain the production of goods and services, yet discriminated against in terms of the opportunities afforded them. Despite the suggestion in the survey reported by McIntosh (2001), few studies effectively describe the reaction and role of older workers to the changing nature of work processes. Indeed, McNair, Flynn, Owen, Humphreys and Wood? ld (2004) claim their surveys indicate that most workers reported not being given assistance to negotiate new work roles and new work as their work life transforms. Hence, this reinforces not only the lack of support, but also the need for and apparent success of these workers being able to independently develop their capacities. Consequently, policies and practices by government, industry bodies and industry secto r interests may have to interweave both support for older workers re-employment or continuing employment, with processes that also attempt to transform the views and perspectives of employers.Yet, sitting in here also is the need to develop and support these workers capacities to be agentic learners, i. e. in line with their own interests and intentions (Billett and vanWoerkom 2006). Direct subsidies may well indeed reinforce the perspective that positions older workers as being de? cient and worthy of societally incurred subsidies, and places employers as being only able to employ and promote the interests of these workers when such subsidies are available. It would then seem that policies and practices are needed to both engage employers with older workers and promote their worth to employers in a way which incrementally in? ences their decision-making. It is these kinds of engagement and development that will be required to both overcome and transform well-entrenched preferences. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 1255All of the above points to the importance of identifying what has to be through to effectively retain older workers and develop their employability. Added here is the prospect that the fewer available younger workers will be in high demand and, as such, are unlikely to select low-status occupations such as aged care.Hence, and as noted, a key consideration for approaches to improving policy and practice for older workers is shifting employer attitudes towards a more positive accounting of the capabilities and potentialities of these workers. polity reform is needed to respond to engage and inform to secure such a shift. Therefore, it is helpful to identify what has been done to sire about such changes, policy wise. References Adage (n. d), Why Adage Targets Mature Professionals, www. adage. com. au Ainsworth, S. (2001), The Discursive braid of the aged(a) body of worker Identity A Re? ction on Process and Methods, Tama ra The Journal of Critical postmodern Science, 1, 4, 2946. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2004), Paid Work Mature Age actors, Australian Social Trends, series, schedule no. 4102. 0, June 15, poopberra, ABS. 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(2008), Discourse and Power, New York Palgrave Macmillan. capital of Seychellesn Government (2005), The Ageing Workforce, The State of Working Victoria Project, Information Paper No. 4, Melbourne. Weller, S. (2007), Discrimination, Labour Markets and the Labour Market Prospects of Older Workers What Can a levelheaded Case Teach Us? Work, Employment and Society, 21, 417437. Wooden, M. , VandenHeuvel, A. , and Cully, M. (2001), Barriers to Training for Older Workers and Possible Policy Solutions, Adelaide DETYA/NILS, Flinders U niversityThe International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 22, No. 6, March 2011, 12481261 Employees. Theyre the one thing that businesses everywhere have a need for. And not just employees, but employees who are honest, responsible, dependable, loyal, focused, organized and mature. Is this too much to ask? U. S. employers spends millions of man hours each year placing ads, prescreening and interviewing candidates, and hiring and training workers, only to divulge that many of the employees they hire work for them for just a ew months only to decide they dont want to just be a clerk anymore or looking at something betters come along as they work their way up the corporate ladder. So where can businesses find a dependable, steady workforce that has no plans to move up and out? A workforce commit to the job at hand and that takes pride in its work? Who will cost them less to hire, train and maintain? The answer? Older workers. Below are twelve reasons why hiring older wor kers can help you maintain a reliable, dedicated workforce and provide a significant cost savings for both the short and long term. . Dedicatedworkers produce higher quality work, which can result in a significant cost savings for you. Stories abound of highly committed older workers finding others potentially dear(p) mistakes regarding everything from misspelling of client names to pricing errors and accounting mistakes. 2. Punctualityseems to be a given for older workers. Most of them look forward to going to work each day, so theyre likely to arrive on time and be ready to work. 3. Honestyis common among older workers, whose values as a group include personal integrity and a devotion to the truth. 4.Detail-oriented, focused and attentiveworkers add an intangible value that rubs off on all employees and can save your business thousands of dollars. One business owner I know once told me that one of his older workers saved his company more than $50,000 on one tumescent mailing job . The 75-year-old clerical worker recognized that all the ZIP codes were off by one digit. uncomplete the owners mailing house nor his degreed and highly paid marketing manager had noticed it. 5. Good listenersmake great employees because theyre easier to trainolder employees only have to be told once what to do. 6.Pride in a job well donehas become an increasingly rare commodity among younger employees. Younger workers want to put in their time at work and leave, while older employees are more willingly to stay later to get a job done because of their sense of pride in the final product. 7. Organizational skillsamong older workers mean employers who hire them are less likely to be a part of this startling statistic More than a million man hours are lost each year simply due to workplace disorganization. 8. strength and the confidenceto share their recommendations and ideas make older workers ideal employees.Their years of experience in the workplace give them a superior understan ding of how jobs can be done more efficiently, which saves companies money. Their confidence, built up through the years, means they wont hesitate to share their ideas with management. 9. Maturitycomes from years of life and work experience and makes for workers who get less rattled when problems occur. 10. Setting an examplefor other employees is an intangible value many business owners appreciate. Older workers make excellent mentors and role models, which makes training other employees less difficult. 11.Communication skillsknowing when and how to communicateevolve through years of experience. Older workers understand workplace politics and know how to diplomatically convey their ideas to the boss. 12. Reduced labor costsare a huge benefit when hiring older workers. Most already have insurance plans from prior employers or have an additional source of income and are willing to take a little less to get the job they want. They understand that working for a company can be about muc h more than just collecting a paycheck. Any business owner whos hesitant to hire an older worker should consider these twelve benefits.Older workers unique skills and valuesand the potential savings to your company in time and moneymake hiring them a simple matter of rethinking the costs of high turnover in a more youthful workforce vs. the benefits of experience and mature standards older workers bring to the mix. You simply do not have the time or resources to deal with high employee turnover. The next time you need to make a hiring decision, you should seriously consider older workers Their contribution to your company could positively impact your bottom line for years to come.Stephen Bastien isa business consultant and an honorable on leadership and managing employees. Hes the author ofYes, One Person Can Make a Differenceand natural to Be. Having started several successful businesses, his current venture, Bastien Financial Publications, provides businesses with the latest deve lopments on fast-growing and distressed companies nationwide through his daily newsletters. Visit his sitefor more information on his financial publications, books or consulting services. Read morehttp//www. entrepreneur. com/article/167500ixzz2QXXcMEQO